Self-Affine Graphene Metasurfaces for Tunable Broadband Absorption

Graphene has emerged as a promising platform for THz metasurfaces supporting electrically tunable deep-subwavelength plasmonic excitations. Here, we introduce a broadband graphene metasurface based on the Hilbert curve, a continuous, space-filling fractal. We demonstrate the enhancement of graphene absorption over a broad frequency band (0.5-60 THz) with an average absorption level exceeding 20%. Owing to the continuous nature of the metasurface patterns, both the absorption level and the bandwidth can be controlled electrically by varying the graphene charge-carrier concentration.