Probiotic effect of ferulic acid esterase-producing Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated alfalfa silage on digestion, antioxidant, and immunity status of lactating dairy goats

and Lp MTD/1 treatments was and molar rate of acetate in Lp efficiency of rumen fermentation treatment than in the control 2018). Moreover, there was no propionate between the 2 related to the consistency of the diets (Fimbres et al., 2002). performance of dairy goats with Lp A1 not only improved status of the silage, but also experimental diet. The diet con-A1 also increased the serum GSH-Px and CAT) activity of body's antioxidant capacity of was frequently sampled from ferulic acid, showed greater that produced by the plasma cells and they take a vital role in specific and non-specific immunity (Wei et al., 2021). Cytokines are proteins or small molecular peptides produced by immune cells that can transmit information between cells and play an important role in the regulation and effective immune responses (Zhao et al., 2018). However, cytokines (e.g., TNF-a, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-1b) are also regar-ded as key pro-inflammatory factors, and their serum concentrations can be used as an indicator for inflammatory reaction (Zhao et al., 2018; Cai et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2021). In the current study, silage inoculated with Lp A1 increased the concentration of serum IgA, but had no effect on the concentration of IgG and IgM. In addition, there exhibited a decrease in the concentration of serum cytokines (such as TNF-a, IL-2 and IL-6) of Lp A1 treatment dairy goats. The greater concentration of IgA in serum, and the numerical increase of IgG and IgM generally indicated an improved immune status in Lp A1 treated group dairy goats (Jin et al., 2014; Chen et al., 2020; Wei et al., 2021). In dairy cows, Jin et al. (2014) reported that feeding greater concentration of vitamin A increased the contents of IgM, IgG, IgA, TNF-a in the serum. Similarly, Wei et al. (2021) found

Automated summary

The addition of Lp MTD/1 treatment improved rumen fermentation efficiency and antioxidant capacity in dairy goats. It also enhanced the immune status of the goats.