Electron paramagnetic resonance proof for the existence of molecular hydrino

Quantum mechanics postulates that the hydrogen atom has a stable ground state from which it can be promoted to excited states by capture of electromagnetic radiation, with the energy of all possible states given by E-n = 13.598/n(2) eV, in which n >= 1 is a positive integer. It has been previously proposed that the n =1 state is not the true ground state, and that so-called hydrino states of lower energy can exist, which are characterized by fractional quantum numbers n =1/ p, in which 1 < p <= 137 is a limited integer. Electron transition to a hydrino state, H(1/p) is nonradiative and requires a quantized amount of energy, 2mE(1) (m is an integer), to be transferred to a catalyst. Numerous putative hydrino-forming reactions have been previously explored and the products have been characterized by a range of analytical methods. Molecular hydrino has been predicted to be paramagnetic. Here, we give an account of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of molecular hydrino H-2(1/4) that was produced as gaseous inclusion in polymeric Ga(0)OH by a plasma reaction of atomic hydrogen with non -hydrogen bonded water as the catalyst. A sharp, complex, multi-line EPR spectrum is found, whose detailed properties prove to be consistent with predictions from hydrino theory. Molecular hydrino was also identified in gas chromatography as a compound faster than molecular hydrogen. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.

Automated summary

The study explores the transition of the hydrogen atom between stable ground state and excited states, as well as the possible existence of lower-energy hydrino states with unique quantum properties. Experimental results show that molecular hydrino exhibits specific characteristics in both gas phase and polymers, consistent with theoretical models.