Thermal stable properties of solid hybrid nanoparticles for mixed convection flow with slip features

Following to improved thermal impact of hybrid nanomaterials, wide range applications of such materials is observed in the thermal engineering, extrusion systems, solar energy, power generation, heat transfer devices etc. The hybrid nanofluid is a modified form of nanofluid which is beneficial for improving energy transfer efficiency. In current analysis, the solid nanoparticles aluminium (phi Al2O3) and copper (phi(Cu)) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofluid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of the resultant hybrid nanofluid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation into a system of ordinary differential equations which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple software. The obtained numerical results such as coefficient of skin friction f ''(0), heat transfer rate -theta'(0), velocity f '(eta) and temperature (theta(eta)) distributions are presented in the form of different graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter S >= S-ci in assisting flow case. Due to non-uniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.

Automated summary

This study investigates the characteristics of mixed boundary layer flow using hybrid nanofluids on a vertical shrinking surface, revealing the existence of multiple solutions and the stability and feasibility of the upper branch.