Constraints on neutron-mirror-neutron oscillation from neutron star cooling

We address a method of limiting neutron-mirror neutron mixing (epsilon(nn')) by analyzing its effect on neutron star (NS) heating. This method employs observational bounds on the surface temperature of NSs to constrain epsilon(nn'). It has been suggested that the bound obtained this way is so stringent that it would exclude any discovery of n-n' oscillation in the currently planned terrestrial experiments at various laboratories. This conclusion motivated us to critically analyze this suggestion in more detail. In this note, we point out a very interesting new effect present in nearly exact mirror models, which can significantly affect this bound. The new element is that in nearly exact mirror models there is the mirror analog of beta decay, i.e. n' -> p' + e' + (nu) over bar (e)', which creates a cloud of mirror particles n', p', e', D' and He' inside the NS. The resulting e' can rob the energy generated by the n -> n' transition from the NS, via e-e' scattering enabled by the presence of a (minute) millicharge in mirror particles. Such a tiny millicharge on mirror particles is highly likely in these models. This results in energy being emitted as unobserved mirror photons via fast mirror bremsstrahlung. whose effect is to relax the stringent bounds on epsilon(nn').

Automated summary

This study addresses a method of limiting neutron-mirror neutron mixing by analyzing its effect on neutron star heating. It points out a new effect present in nearly exact mirror models that can significantly affect the observational bounds on neutron-mirror neutron mixing. The presence of a minute millicharge on mirror particles in these models leads to energy emission through fast mirror bremsstrahlung, relaxing the stringent bounds on neutron-mirror neutron mixing.