Characterization of inflammatory profiles and endothelial dysfunction in diabetic limb arterial occlusion

Our study aims to detect the changes of adiponectin (APN), endothelin 1 (ET)-1, nitric oxide (NO), cystatin C (cysC) in diabetic limb arterial occlusion (DLAO) patients and unravel their associations with endothelial function. Total 240 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients were divided into a DM group (n = 80, ankle brachial index (ABI) >= 0.9) and a DLAO group (n = 160, ABI < 0.9). ABI, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation (NMD), serum APN, ET-1, NO, and cysC were compared. There were significant increases in cysC and ET-1, and significant decreases in APN, NO, FMD and NMD of DLAO patients compared to T2DM patients. Serum APN and NO were positively correlated with ABI, while serum cysC and ET-1 were negatively correlated with ABI. cysC, ET-1 and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were independent predictors of the severity of DLAO. Serum APN was positively correlated with FMD, NMD and NO, but was negatively correlated with ET-1 and cysC. FMD and NMD were positively correlated with APN and NO, and negatively correlated with ET-1 and cysC. Our study deciphers opposite roles of APN, NO, cysC and ET-1 in the development of DLAO and maintaining endothelial function.

Automated summary

Our study aimed to detect changes in adiponectin, endothelin 1, nitric oxide, and cystatin C in patients with diabetic limb arterial occlusion and understand their association with endothelial function. The results showed significant increases in cystatin C and endothelin 1, and significant decreases in adiponectin, nitric oxide, flow-mediated dilation, and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation in DLAO patients compared to T2DM patients. Adiponectin and nitric oxide were positively correlated with ankle brachial index, while cystatin C and endothelin 1 were negatively correlated. Cystatin C, endothelin 1, and diastolic blood pressure were independent predictors of DLAO severity. Adiponectin was positively correlated with flow-mediated dilation, nitroglycerin-mediated dilation, and nitric oxide, but negatively correlated with endothelin 1 and cystatin C. Flow-mediated dilation and nitroglycerin-mediated dilation were positively correlated with adiponectin and nitric oxide, and negatively correlated with endothelin 1 and cystatin C.