Effect of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination to Prevent COVID-19 in Thai Households (VacPrevent trial)

Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted within households, with massive healthcare system bur-dens. The role of inactivated vaccines and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in the prevention of within -household transmission remains unknown.Methods: This observational case-control study tracked 408 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction- confirmed index cases from April to September 2021. This study aimed to prove the benefit of inactivated and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccinated index cases in preventing within-household transmissibility.Results: A total of 1178 household contacts were investigated. A total of 231 index cases were vaccinated with inactivated or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, and 177 were unvaccinated. The vaccinated index cases ex-hibited a 7.8% risk reduction in household transmission. There was no difference in the secondary attack rate of 50.77% in unvaccinated cases compared with 46.81% in vaccinated index cases ( P-value = 0.177). Those who completed the two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccination demonstrated a 93% reduction in household transmissibility within 14-90 days. The effectiveness for preventing household transmission was 26.09%. The 87% reduced risk of household transmissibility was observed among those who wore masks.Conclusion: The completed two-dose SARS-CoV-2 inactivated and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination within 14-90 days among index cases demonstrated benefits in preventing within-household transmissibility. Implementing high-efficacy vaccination and an appropriate booster dose can prevent household trans-mission. (c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )

Automated summary

The study investigated the effectiveness of inactivated and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in preventing household transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that completing two doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine within 14-90 days led to a significant reduction in household transmission. Wearing masks also played a role in reducing the risk of transmission.