4.2 Review

Role of protein phosphorylation in cell signaling, disease, and the intervention therapy

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VRK2 activates TNFa/NF-KB signaling by phosphorylating IKKss in pancreatic cancer

Jionghuang Chen et al.

Summary: NF-KB signaling is active in pancreatic cancer and plays a crucial role in its progression. This study demonstrates that VRK2 regulates TNFa/NF-KB signaling by interacting with IKKss and activating the pathway. VRK2 overexpression promotes the growth of pancreatic cancer cells and organoids. Inhibition of IKKss abolishes the promotive effect of VRK2. These findings suggest that VRK2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.

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Summary: This study investigated the mechanism of action of Rigosertib on cholangiocarcinoma cells EGI-1 using Western blotting technique. The results showed an increase in EMI1 and Cyclin B protein levels and a significant reduction in CDK1 phosphorylation after Rigosertib treatment. The expression of PLK1 increased after 24 hours of treatment and decreased after 48 hours. Additionally, p53 levels increased and its activity was found to be necessary for the effects of Rigosertib on cell viability in EGI-1 cells.

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Shikang Liang et al.

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Robert Roskoski

Summary: Due to the dysregulation of protein kinase activity, this enzyme family has become one of the most important drug targets in the 21st century. There are 68 FDA-approved therapeutic agents that target protein kinases, with six new drugs approved in 2021. These drugs are mainly used in the treatment of neoplasms and inflammatory diseases, with 58 drugs prescribed for tumor treatment. In addition, 18 drugs are used for the treatment of multiple diseases. This review summarizes the physicochemical properties of all FDA-approved small molecule protein kinase inhibitors.

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Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in B-Cell Malignancies: Their Use and Differential Features

Matt Shirley

Summary: The development of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors has dramatically improved the management of B-cell malignancies, with more advanced second and third-generation agents providing better tolerability and treatment options. These inhibitors have shown strong activity in various B-cell malignancies and are generally well-tolerated, with manageable adverse events through dosage adjustment. This review article summarizes the evidence supporting the role of BTK inhibitors in the management of B-cell malignancies, highlighting their differences and benefits.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY (2022)

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Tumor-intrinsic and immune modulatory roles of receptor-interacting protein kinases

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Summary: Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 play crucial roles in regulating cell death and inflammation, and tumors have found ways to exploit them for their own benefit. RIPK-driven cell death can enhance antitumor immunity, but it can also induce inflammation and aid tumor progression.

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Precision Targeting of Mutant PI3Ka in Cancer by Selective Degradation

Bart Vanhaesebroeck et al.

Summary: PIK3CA is a frequently activated kinase gene in solid tumors. This study shows that the PI3Kα inhibitors taselisib and inavolisib can induce degradation of mutant p110α protein in breast cancer cells that are positive for HER2 RTK, thereby limiting feedback-mediated drug resistance and potentially widening the therapeutic range of PI3Kα inhibition.

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The efficacy of PI3Kγ and EGFR inhibitors on the suppression of the characteristics of cancer stem cells

Yanning Xu et al.

Summary: This study established a model of cancer stem cells (CSCs) derived from mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) and found that the activation of PI3K-Akt and EGFR signaling pathways played significant roles in the process. The inhibitors targeting these pathways showed significant anti-tumor effects in vitro and in vivo, with PI3K-gamma inhibitor Eganelisib demonstrating better therapeutic efficacy and fewer side effects.

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RAGE mediates airway inflammation via the HDAC1 pathway in a toluene diisocyanate-induced murine asthma model

Xianru Peng et al.

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Structural Aspects of LIMK Regulation and Pharmacology

Deep Chatterjee et al.

Summary: This review focuses on the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics by LIMKs and their potential therapeutic applications in diseases such as neurological disorders and cancer. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the LIMK conformational space, its catalytic mechanism, and the regulation of its activity, shedding light on substrate recognition. The implications of these structural features on drug discovery are also discussed, along with potential future directions for targeting LIMKs beyond kinase inhibition.
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Functional impact and targetability of PI3KCA, GNAS, and PTEN mutations in a spindle cell rhabdomyosarcoma with MYOD1 L122R mutation

Florence Choo et al.

Summary: This study established and characterized a new patient-derived ssRMS cell line harboring MYOD1 L122R mutation and alterations in PTEN, PIK3CA, and GNAS. It was found that PIK3CA(I459_T462del) is a constitutively active kinase, and both PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK pathways are activated in this cell line. Additionally, dual PI3K/mTOR and AKT inhibitors showed dose-dependent reductions in cell growth. These findings suggest that molecularly targeted therapies may be effective in PI3K/AKT/mTOR activated ssRMS.

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Emerging strategies for TNBC with early clinical data: new chemoimmunotherapy strategies

Peter E. Hall et al.

Summary: The review highlights the complexity of chemoimmunotherapy strategies for triple-negative breast cancer, emphasizing the importance of considering the type and sequence of chemotherapy agents to optimize the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. The emerging therapeutic class of antibody-drug conjugates in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors shows promise for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer.

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Exploration of binding mechanism of triclosan towards cancer markers using molecular docking and molecular dynamics

Prashant Bhardwaj et al.

Summary: The goal of this study is to investigate the protein binding patterns of TCS and proteins from various cancer signaling pathways. Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation, it was found that AIF and JNK proteins may play a key role in TCS-mediated reactions.

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Evidence-Based Medical Therapy in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Chronic Kidney Disease

Iris E. Beldhuis et al.

Summary: Chronic kidney disease is a common comorbidity in patients with heart failure and is associated with increased severity and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Limited information is available on the efficacy and safety of heart failure therapies in patients with severe CKD, particularly in stage 5 CKD. However, some drug classes have shown evidence of safety and efficacy in patients with stage 4 CKD. Additionally, the decline in eGFR observed with the initiation of certain heart failure drug classes does not necessarily indicate a worsening condition and should not lead to discontinuation of life-saving therapies.

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Development of asciminib, a novel allosteric inhibitor of BCR-ABL1

Delphine Rea et al.

Summary: This article discusses the mechanism and clinical challenges of chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as the development and potential application of a new drug called Asciminib.

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RETRA induces necroptosis in cervical cancer cells through RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL and increased ROS production

Suchitra Mohanty et al.

Summary: The study found that RETRA selectively induces necroptosis in cervical cancer cells without cytotoxic effects on normal cells. The induction of cell death by RETRA is associated with mitochondrial hyperpolarization and increased ROS production, emphasizing its importance in the treatment of cervical cancer.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Crosstalk between p38 MAPK and GR Signaling

Lisa Zeyen et al.

Summary: The p38 MAPK pathway is important for cellular stress response. It regulates downstream effectors to control inflammation and cellular processes. Dysregulation of this pathway is associated with inflammatory diseases and cancer. Glucocorticoids (GCs) secretion is a classical endocrine response to stress and is regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The crosstalk between p38 and GR plays a role in gene expression regulation and has potential clinical applications.

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Identification of the JNK-Active Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cluster Associated With an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment

Takashi Semba et al.

Summary: The study identified that high phosphorylated JNK level in TNBC is associated with increased Treg infiltration. Inhibition of JNK signaling led to reduced tumor growth and Treg infiltration, and increased CD8(+) T cell infiltration, possibly through suppression of CCL2 secretion. This suggests that targeting the JNK/C-JUN/CCL2 axis may offer new therapeutic strategies for combating the aggressiveness of TNBC.

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ASK1 is a novel molecular target for preventing aminoglycoside-induced hair cell death

Jacqueline M. Ogier et al.

Summary: Aminoglycoside antibiotics can cause toxic effects on the sensory hair cells in the inner ear, leading to permanent hearing loss and vestibular impairment. This study investigates the potential of ASK1 inhibition as a novel strategy to prevent aminoglycoside ototoxicity, providing significant pre-clinical evidence.

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Treatment strategies and outcomes for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer resistant to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors: Focus on novel therapies

Melissa Johnson et al.

Summary: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are the standard treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the initial effectiveness of TKIs, almost all patients eventually develop resistance. Current research focuses on developing novel therapies to overcome resistance mechanisms.

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In vitro anticancer effects of alpelisib against PIK3CA-mutated canine hemangiosarcoma cell lines

Marika Maeda et al.

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Targeted therapies in the medical management of craniopharyngioma

Pedro Iglesias

Summary: Craniopharyngioma is a benign intracranial tumor that shows aggressive behavior and high recurrence rate. Recent studies have identified genetic alterations in different histological types of craniopharyngioma, indicating the potential use of targeted drugs as a therapeutic option.

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Laura-Jayne Gardiner et al.

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RTK-Dependent Inducible Degradation of Mutant PI3Kα Drives GDC-0077 (Inavolisib) Efficacy

Kyung W. Song et al.

Summary: The PI3K inhibitors GDC-0077 and taselisib have a unique mechanism of action by degrading mutant p110a protein, leading to more potent inhibition of mutant PI3K pathway signaling and cell viability, and better maintenance of prolonged pathway suppression.

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2-Aminoquinazolines as LRRK2 Inhibitors for Treating Parkinson’s Disease

Ram W. Sabnis

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Marissa Cloutier et al.

Summary: Cloutier et al. discovered that inhibitors of GSK3 proteins in the culture medium can reduce X-chromosome inactivation in human embryonic stem cells, leading to equal expression of X-linked genes between females and males. These findings are significant for the faithful culture of hESCs.

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A Novel N-Arylpyridone Compound Alleviates the Inflammatory and Fibrotic Reaction of Silicosis by Inhibiting the ASK1-p38 Pathway and Regulating Macrophage Polarization

Mingming Fan et al.

Summary: AKEX0011, a novel N-arylpyridone compound, has been found to have protective effects against silicosis. It ameliorates lung damage and respiratory dysfunction caused by silica, reduces the secretion of inflammatory and fibrotic factors, inhibits cell apoptosis and signaling pathways, and regulates macrophage polarization.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

Review Endocrinology & Metabolism

Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Thyroid Cancer

Sriram Gubbi et al.

Summary: The currently available treatment options for RAI-refractory thyroid cancers are limited. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) has the potential to be an effective and safe treatment for patients with SSTR-positive RAI-refractory DTCs and MTCs. However, further research is needed in this field.

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Emmanuel C. Patin et al.

Summary: This study identifies a role for NK cells in the antitumor immune response to radiotherapy that can be enhanced by small-molecule DNA damage-response inhibitors and immune checkpoint blockade, with promising translational potential in clinical samples.

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CK1 Is a Druggable Regulator of Microtubule Dynamics and Microtubule-Associated Processes

Aileen Roth et al.

Summary: Protein kinases of the Casein Kinase 1 family are essential for the regulation of various cellular processes, including microtubule dynamics. They directly modulate microtubule dynamics by phosphorylating tubulin isoforms and microtubule-associated proteins, which can affect microtubule stability and genomic stability. Therefore, targeting Casein Kinase 1 functions may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.

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MicroRNA-145 Impairs Classical Non-Homologous End-Joining in Response to Ionizing Radiation-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks via Targeting DNA-PKcs

Muddenahalli Srinivasa Sudhanva et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that miR-145 suppresses DNA-PKcs expression, affecting DNA double-strand break repair and rendering cells sensitive to ionizing radiation. Additionally, miR-145 inhibition is associated with increased Akt1 phosphorylation and upregulation of DNA-PKcs in cancer cells.
Article Cell Biology

Extracellular Matrix Stiffness and TGFβ2 Regulate YAP/TAZ Activity in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells

Haiyan Li et al.

Summary: Progression of primary open-angle glaucoma is associated with increased trabecular meshwork (HTM) stiffness and elevated TGF beta 2 levels. YAP/TAZ, important factors in mechanotransduction, play a role in glaucomatous HTM cell dysfunction. Increased ECM stiffness elevates nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ, potentially through modulating focal adhesions and cytoskeletal rearrangement. TGF beta 2 also increases nuclear YAP/TAZ in HTM cells, which can be prevented by inhibiting ERK and ROCK signaling pathways. Inactivation of YAP/TAZ with verteporfin partially blocks TGF beta 2-induced hydrogel contraction and stiffening. This study provides evidence for the pathological role of aberrant YAP/TAZ signaling in glaucomatous HTM cell dysfunction and suggests potential strategies for preventing progressive ocular hypertension in glaucoma.

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Article Veterinary Sciences

Pharmacokinetic Exposures Associated With Oral Administration of Sorafenib in Dogs With Spontaneous Tumors

Jacob R. Cawley et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of sorafenib in tumor-bearing dogs and found that a twice-daily oral dose of 3 mg/kg was well-tolerated without any adverse events.

FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE (2022)

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Targeting CDK4/6 for Anticancer Therapy

Jiating Qi et al.

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BIOMEDICINES (2022)

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Discovery of novel 7,8-dihydropteridine-6(5H)-one-based DNA-PK inhibitors as potential anticancer agents via scaffold hopping strategy

Zongbao Ding et al.

Summary: DK1 is a novel DNA-PK inhibitor with great potential for further study. It has favorable drug-like properties and in vivo pharmacokinetics as an oral drug candidate. When used in combination with doxorubicin, DK1 shows synergistic antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2022)

Review Immunology

Targeting PARP1 to Enhance Anticancer Checkpoint Immunotherapy Response: Rationale and Clinical Implications

Carlos Wagner S. Wanderley et al.

Summary: The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer treatment has revolutionized the field, but prolonged use of ICIs has resulted in a specific response to certain types of cancer. To overcome resistance and improve outcomes, researchers have explored novel strategies involving the combination of ICIs with other therapies. One promising class of agents is poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), which have the potential to enhance the antitumor immune response through various mechanisms.

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Phosphoproteomics identifies pathways underlying the role of receptor-interaction protein kinase 3 in alcohol-associated liver disease and uncovers apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 as a target

Vaibhav Singh et al.

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HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

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The Therapeutic Roles of Recombinant Hsp90α on Cornea Epithelial Injury

Mingli Wang et al.

Summary: The study reveals that Hsp90α is upregulated and secreted after corneal injury, promoting the healing process. Recombinant Hsp90α can accelerate wound healing of injured corneal epithelium and may be a promising drug candidate for corneal injury treatment.

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Phase I Study of Alvocidib Followed by 7+3 (Cytarabine plus Daunorubicin) in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Joshua F. Zeidner et al.

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CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

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Rigosertib inhibits MEK1-ERK pathway and alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis

Yin Wang et al.

Summary: Rigosertib showed potential effects on sepsis in WT mice, but not in MEK1(DD) mice with constitutive activation of MEK1 signaling.

IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evaluating the current status of protein kinase C (PKC)-protein kinase D (PKD) signalling axis as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer

Komal Tyagi et al.

Summary: Ovarian cancer, particularly high grade serous ovarian cancer, remains a lethal gynaecological malignancy with high relapse rates despite advancements in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The signaling cascade initiated by protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) regulates various cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis, making it a potential novel target in the treatment of this deadly pathology. Studies have also highlighted the significance of recent clinical trials and development of small molecule inhibitors targeting the PKC/PKD signaling axis in ovarian cancer.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-REVIEWS ON CANCER (2021)

Review Dermatology

Janus kinase inhibitors for atopic dermatitis: a promising treatment modality

A. M. Cartron et al.

Summary: Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can significantly impact sleep quality and quality of life. Recent studies suggest that inhibition of the JAK signaling pathway may offer a promising therapeutic approach to reduce inflammation in AD.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

LXH254, a Potent and Selective ARAF-Sparing Inhibitor of BRAF and CRAF for the Treatment of MAPK-Driven Tumors

Kelli-Ann Monaco et al.

Summary: LXH254, a novel RAF inhibitor, demonstrates potent inhibition of BRAF and CRAF while sparing ARAF. Loss of ARAF, but not BRAF or CRAF, sensitizes RAS-mutant cells to LXH254, which requires both kinase function and dimerization. In cells expressing only ARAF, LXH254 leads to paradoxical activation of MAPK signaling similar to dabrafenib.

CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH (2021)

Article Urology & Nephrology

Effects of the Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator Praliciguat in Diabetic Kidney Disease A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

John P. Hanrahan et al.

Summary: In this study, treatment with praliciguat for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce albuminuria compared with placebo in the primary efficacy analysis. However, observed changes in urine albumin-creatinine ratio, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters may encourage further investigation of praliciguat in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Selumetinib

Olivia Campagne et al.

Summary: Selumetinib is approved for the treatment of neurofibromatosis in children and has shown promising results in various cancers. Its pharmacokinetic properties have been well characterized, with rapid absorption and minimal accumulation, supporting further evaluation in combination with other treatments.

CLINICAL PHARMACOKINETICS (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Evidence of off-target effects of bosutinib that promote retinoic acid-induced differentiation of non-APL AML cells

Noor Kazim et al.

Summary: In this study, the effects of SFK inhibitor Bosutinib and engineered loss of Lyn on RA-induced leukemic cell differentiation were investigated. Both Bosutinib and Lyn loss promoted RA-induced differentiation, G0 arrest, and respiratory burst of HL-60 cells without affecting the expression and phosphorylation of signaling molecules driving differentiation. This suggests a novel Lyn-independent effect of Bosutinib that enhances differentiation therapy.

CELL CYCLE (2021)

Article Biology

Repurposing of gastric cancer drugs against COVID-19

Charu Sonkar et al.

Summary: The global pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 poses a challenge for health management in gastric cancer patients. FDA-approved drugs for gastric cancer have high binding energies against SARS-CoV-2, potentially playing a key role in treatment for COVID-19 patients with gastric cancer as comorbidity. Kinases may serve as key therapeutic targets in the treatment of COVID-19.

COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Derazantinib: an investigational drug for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma

Stephan Braun et al.

Summary: This review evaluates the clinical role of derazantinib, an investigational FGFR inhibitor, in patients with iCCA harboring actionable FGFR2 genetic aberrations. Derazantinib has shown clinically meaningful efficacy with durable objective responses, supporting its therapeutic potential in previously treated iCCA patients. The safety profile of derazantinib was manageable and compared favorably to other FGFR inhibitors, indicating the need for increased molecular profiling of cholangiocarcinoma patients.

EXPERT OPINION ON INVESTIGATIONAL DRUGS (2021)

Article Oncology

Selective Oral MEK1/2 Inhibitor Pimasertib in Metastatic Melanoma: Antitumor Activity in a Phase I, Dose-Escalation Trial

Celeste Lebbe et al.

Summary: Results from this phase I study suggest that Pimasertib demonstrates clinical activity in patients with locally advanced/metastatic melanoma, particularly in tumors with BRAF and NRAS mutations, through inhibition of pERK in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

TARGETED ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural Insights Support Targeting ASK1 Kinase for Therapeutic Interventions

Veronika Obsilova et al.

Summary: ASK1, a crucial cellular stress sensor, activates JNKs and p38 MAPKs which when excessively activated can lead to cell death, inflammation and fibrosis. Targeted inhibition of ASK1, the upstream activator of these kinases, is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating various severe conditions including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Sphingosine Kinase 2 Inhibitor ABC294640 Restores the Sensitivity of BRAFV600E Mutant Colon Cancer Cells to Vemurafenib by Reducing AKT-Mediated Expression of Nucleophosmin and Translationally-Controlled Tumour Protein

Petra Grbcic et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that increased sphingosine kinase activity in resistant cells plays a role in vemurafenib resistance, and inhibiting this activity can enhance the anti-proliferative effect of PLX4032. Additionally, the combination of ABC294640 and PLX4032 shows enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, and induction of apoptosis compared to single drug treatments.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Oncology

Enhanced antitumor immunity by a novel small molecule HPK1 inhibitor

Dan You et al.

Summary: This study identified a novel, potent, and selective HPK1 small molecule kinase inhibitor called Compound K (CompK), which significantly improved human T-cell immune responses in the tumor microenvironment and showed significant synergy with anti-PD-1 therapy. Animal model studies demonstrated improved immune responses and antitumor efficacy with CompK in combination with anti-PD-1, suggesting its potential as a novel pharmacological agent for cancer treatment.

JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Discovery of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Inhibitor CC-90001

Mark A. Nagy et al.

Summary: A novel series of JNK inhibitors with increased JNK1 bias have been identified through synthesis and SAR studies, showing low nanomolar JNK inhibitory potency, overall kinome selectivity, and the ability to inhibit cellular phosphorylation of the direct JNK substrate c-Jun. Physiochemical optimization in this series led to compounds with excellent systemic exposure post oral dosing, leading to the selection of a clinical development candidate, CC-90001, currently in Phase II trials for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Inhibition of Aurora Kinase B activity disrupts development and differentiation of salivary glands

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Summary: Research on the role of AURKB during embryonic development reveals its crucial function in supporting organogenesis and differentiation, while inhibiting senescence-inducing signals.

CELL DEATH DISCOVERY (2021)

Article Oncology

NTRK fusions in lung cancer: From biology to therapy

Guilherme Harada et al.

Summary: Fusions involving TRK protein tyrosine kinases are oncogenic drivers in various tumors, with first-generation TRK inhibitors showing clinically meaningful antitumor activity but on-target resistance needs to be monitored. These inhibitors should be considered as first-line therapeutic options for TRK fusion-positive lung cancers, and next-generation TRK inhibitors are being studied for addressing resistance mechanisms.

LUNG CANCER (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

IL4/IL4R signaling promotes the osteolysis in metastatic bone of CRC through regulating the proliferation of osteoclast precursors

Qian Jin et al.

Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of IL4/IL4R signaling in promoting the proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells in bone metastasis of colorectal cancer. Additionally, activation of the ERK pathway is closely associated with this process. Ravoxertinib could potentially serve as a new therapeutic target for bone metastasis of colorectal cancer.

MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

Article Cell Biology

AS602801 sensitizes glioma cells to temozolomide and vincristine by blocking gap junction communication between glioma cells and astrocytes

Shuai Zhang et al.

Summary: AS602801 downregulated CX43 expression by inhibiting JNK, reducing gap junction activity between glioma cells and astrocytes. AS602801 significantly enhanced TMZ/VCR-induced glioma cell apoptosis and restored its inhibitory effect on p-JNK, CX43, and CASP-3 expression. This study suggests that AS602801 may serve as a novel adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of glioma.

JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2021)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Blockade of mutant RAS oncogenic signaling with a special emphasis on KRAS

Robert Roskoski

Summary: RAS proteins play crucial roles in physiological signal transduction processes related to cell growth, division, and survival. RAS mutations, especially KRAS mutations, are common in various cancers, with potential implications for targeted therapy. Covalent modification of the KRAS C12 led to the discovery of a new pocket, facilitating the development of second-line treatment for KRAS(G12C)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer. Efforts are also being made to develop inhibitors targeting MAP kinase and PI3-kinase pathways as indirect RAS antagonists.

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Discovery of small molecule guanylyl cyclase A receptor positive allosteric modulators

S. Jeson Sangaralingham et al.

Summary: The discovery and development of an oral, small molecule GC-A PAM holds great potential as a therapeutic for cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases by enhancing ANP-mediated cGMP generation and inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Review Oncology

Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib

Jinshan Xing et al.

Summary: Buparlisib is a potent and selective PI3K inhibitor that inhibits four isomers of PI3K, playing a role in inhibiting cell proliferation, promoting apoptosis, and blocking angiogenesis through antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. It has demonstrated clinical efficacy in solid tumors and hematological malignancies.

ONCOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inhibition of casein kinase 1 δ/ε improves cognitive performance in adult C57BL/6J mice

Heather Mahoney et al.

Summary: Time-of-day effects have been observed in cognitive behavioral tests, and disruption of the circadian system can impair hippocampus-dependent learning and memory. Modulation of circadian kinases, such as CK1 delta/epsilon, presents a novel approach for improving cognitive deficits. The inhibitor PF-670462 showed potential in enhancing cognitive performance in mice, suggesting the utility of CK1 delta/epsilon inhibition in improving time-of-day cognitive performance.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2021)

Review Neurosciences

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Depression and Antidepressant Action

Eero Castren et al.

Summary: Neurotrophic factors, especially BDNF, are associated with depression and the action of antidepressant drugs, with impaired BDNF signaling linked to mood disorders. Increased BDNF expression and signaling have been linked to the mechanisms of antidepressant drugs, and BDNF regulates various types of neuronal plasticities in the brain, which are connected to antidepressant action. The hypothesis of a connection between neurotrophic factors and neuronal plasticity with mood disorders and antidepressant action has been further supported by recent evidence.

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY (2021)

Article Oncology

Immune modulating activity of the CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib and anti-PD-L1 antibody LY3300054 in patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and other solid tumors

Khanh T. Do et al.

Summary: The combination of CHK1 inhibitor prexasertib and anti-PD-L1 antibody LY3300054 showed tolerability and preliminary activity in CCNE1-amplified HGSOC patients, with evidence of cytotoxic T-cell activation in patient blood samples.

CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY (2021)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Vericiguat: First Approval

Anthony Markham et al.

Summary: Vericiguat is a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator developed for the treatment of chronic heart failure. It enhances the effects of nitric oxide by stimulating sGC and cGMP production independently of nitric oxide. Recently approved in the USA for reducing the risk in patients with heart failure and ejection fraction < 45%.
Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Developing novel classes of protein kinase CK1δ inhibitors by fusing [1,2,4]triazole with different bicyclic heteroaromatic systems

Ilenia Grieco et al.

Summary: Protein kinase CK1 delta plays a crucial role in various neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, making it a potential therapeutic target. The development of ATP competitive inhibitors for CK1 delta, such as [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5] triazines, represents a promising approach for future treatments. By identifying key interactions and structures, researchers aim to develop new inhibitors capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier for more effective treatment options.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Immunology

VRK2 inhibition synergizes with PD-1 blockade to improve T cell responses

Michael Peled et al.

Summary: The study revealed that VRK2 plays a key role in PD-1 signaling, and combination therapy of VRK2 inhibitors with PD-1 blockade enhances T cell activation and improves tumor clearance.

IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Review Oncology

Biological Significance and Targeting of the FGFR Axis in Cancer

Athina-Myrto Chioni et al.

Summary: FGFR signaling is essential for maintaining normal body homeostasis, facilitating growth and healing, but can be hijacked by cancer cells. Aberrant FGFR signaling in cancer, such as mutations, gene fusions, and amplifications, has led to the development of targeted therapies using FGFR inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, ligand traps, and monoclonal antibodies. The complex nature of FGFR signaling and the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment may contribute to resistance to therapy with FGFR-directed agents.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Oncology

Improving Outcomes of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: New Data and Ongoing Trials

Lisha Mou et al.

Summary: Targeted therapies like TKIs are crucial for advanced HCC treatment, with combination therapies involving immune checkpoint inhibitors showing promise. Nanoparticle-based TKI delivery techniques are also expected to enhance treatment efficacy, making it more efficient.

FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Oncology

ROCK2 Inhibition With Belumosudil (KD025) for the Treatment of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Madan Jagasia et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that treatment with belumosudil resulted in a high overall response rate and overall survival rate, along with quality-of-life improvements, corticosteroid dose reductions, and limited toxicity, suggesting that belumosudil may be an effective therapy for patients with treatment-refractory cGVHD.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recent Advances in Pain Management: Relevant Protein Kinases and Their Inhibitors

Francis Giraud et al.

Summary: This review emphasizes the role of protein kinases as potential biological targets in pain management, categorizing them into different groups in the human kinome and describing examples of small molecule inhibitors demonstrating analgesic effects. It highlights the fundamental role that protein kinase inhibitors could play in the development of new pain treatments.

MOLECULES (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Kinase drug discovery 20 years after imatinib: progress and future directions

Philip Cohen et al.

Summary: Advances in improving the potency and specificity of small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors over the past 20 years have had a significant impact on the treatment of cancers and non-cancerous conditions. Efforts are being made to address the challenge of drug resistance to kinase inhibitors, and future directions in kinase drug discovery are being discussed.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2021)

Review Microbiology

Interplay Between CMGC Kinases Targeting SR Proteins and Viral Replication: Splicing and Beyond

Florentin Pastor et al.

Summary: Protein phosphorylation is crucial in regulating protein half-life, intracellular distribution, and activity, with CMGC kinases playing a key role in gene expression through splicing control. These kinases, belonging to different families, also influence viral replication, indicating potential translational opportunities.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

JNK in Tumor Microenvironment: Present Findings and Challenges in Clinical Translation

Shing Yau Tam et al.

Summary: JNK, a stress-activated protein kinase, plays dual roles in cancer development by influencing cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune responses. It also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment, impacting tumor development through various pathways.

CANCERS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

DNA Aptamers against Vaccinia-Related Kinase (VRK) 1 Block Proliferation in MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells

Rebeca Carrion-Marchante et al.

Summary: VRK1 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in DNA damage response and cell cycle progression. Through in vitro selection, high-affinity DNA aptamers targeting VRK1 have been identified and show potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Upregulation of fibroblast growth factor 2 contributes to endometriosis through SPRYs/DUSP6/ERK signaling pathway

Xiaoyan Yu et al.

Summary: The study indicates that upregulation of FGF2 in endometriosis patients may promote the disease progression by affecting the regulation of the SPRYs/DUSP6/ERK signaling pathway.

ACTA HISTOCHEMICA (2021)

Article Oncology

Phase 1 study of the ATR inhibitor berzosertib (formerly M6620, VX-970) combined with gemcitabine ± cisplatin in patients with advanced solid tumours

Mark R. Middleton et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that berzosertib + gemcitabine is well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors and showed preliminary signs of efficacy. Berzosertib 210 mg/m(2) + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) Q3W was established as the recommended Phase 2 dose.

BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human TBK1 deficiency leads to autoinflammation driven by TNF-induced cell death

Justin Taft et al.

Summary: The loss of TBK1 leads to decreased IFN-I induction but affects autoinflammation and TNF-induced cell death, and treatment with anti-TNF can improve the clinical condition of patients.
Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Belumosudil: First Approval

Hannah A. Blair

Summary: Belumosudil, a ROCK inhibitor developed by Kadmon Pharmaceuticals, has received its first approval in the USA for the treatment of cGVHD. Regulatory reviews are underway in other countries, and clinical development for systemic sclerosis is ongoing in the USA.
Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Lazertinib: First Approval

Sohita Dhillon

Summary: Lazertinib is a novel oral medication developed for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer, targeting specific EGFR mutations. It received its first approval in 2021 for use in patients who have previously received EGFR-TKI therapy.
Review Chemistry, Medicinal

An updated patent review of VEGFR-2 inhibitors (2017-present)

Thoraya A. Farghaly et al.

Summary: The VEGFR-2 signaling pathway plays a critical role in angiogenesis and has become an important target for treating angiogenesis-related diseases. Current treatment methods may face challenges such as poor response, development of resistance, and serious adverse effects, so combining different treatment methods and utilizing nanomedicine may enhance efficacy, reduce side effects, and lower costs.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC PATENTS (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

New Structural Perspectives in G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Mediated Src Family Kinase Activation

Sandra Berndt et al.

Summary: SFKs are crucial regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, with their expression strongly linked to cancer development and tumor progression. The regulation of SFKs through GPCR-mediated pathways is complex and may involve direct protein interactions or allosteric regulation by arrestins and G proteins. The potential direct interaction between GPCRs and SFKs could lead to a novel mechanism of SFK signaling and identification of new GPCR-SFK interactions.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Role of JAK/STAT in Interstitial Lung Diseases; Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

Paula Montero et al.

Summary: This review explores the activation of the JAK/STAT molecular pathway in ILDs and its impact on cellular fibrotic processes, highlighting the significant role of JAK/STAT in ILDs. It also discusses the potential therapeutic drugs targeting JAK/STAT and their application in vitro and in clinical trials.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Targeting in Multiple Myeloma

Max Von Suskil et al.

Summary: Multiple myeloma remains an incurable disease despite advancements in treatment, leading to aggressive relapses in patients. The cytosolic kinase BTK plays a crucial role in the survival of malignant clones and multiple myeloma stem cells, making it a promising therapeutic target. Inhibition of the BTK pathway may disrupt interactions between malignant clones and the bone marrow microenvironment in MM patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

A Computational Workflow for the Identification of Novel Fragments Acting as Inhibitors of the Activity of Protein Kinase CK1δ

Giovanni Bolcato et al.

Summary: Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has become a consolidated approach in the drug discovery process, with successful applications seen in kinase inhibitors like Vemurafenib. CK1 δ, a protein kinase in the kinase family, has shown promise as a target in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and ALS.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The Roles of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) in Infectious Diseases

Jing Chen et al.

Summary: JNKs, as crucial MAPKs, play key roles in regulating cellular processes and may be important in infectious diseases. This review discusses the signaling properties of JNKs in apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation, as well as their potential therapeutic roles in various infectious diseases.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2021)

Review Oncology

Mechanisms and management of 3rd-generation EGFR-TKI resistance in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (Review)

Jingyi He et al.

Summary: Targeted therapy with EGFR-TKIs is standard for advanced EGFR-mutated NSCLC, with osimertinib being a representative 3rd-generation TKI for T790M-positive patients. However, complex resistance mechanisms including altered signaling pathways and cellular transformations challenge treatment efficacy, highlighting the need for novel combination therapies in addressing acquired resistance.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY (2021)

Review Allergy

JAK inhibitors in the treatment of atopic dermatitis

Raj Chovatiya et al.

Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with limited treatment options. Recent studies have shown that both topical and systemic Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors hold promise in treating AD, with further research needed to fully understand their efficacy and safety.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

Article Microbiology

Identification and Enzymatic Analysis of an Archaeal ATP-Dependent Serine Kinase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Staphylothermus marinus

Yasunobu Mori et al.

Summary: This study reveals that the Serine kinases from the Desulfurococcales archaeal order utilize ATP as a phosphate donor, suggesting their role in serine assimilation. These enzymes show differences in properties compared to the Thermococcales enzymes, indicating a wider range of phosphate donors for phosphorylating free serine.

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY (2021)

Editorial Material Cell Biology

Aurora A kinase activation: Different means to different ends

Nicolas Tavernier et al.

Summary: Aurora A is a key kinase involved in regulating mitotic processes. Recent studies have identified multiple mechanisms of Aurora A activation, each occurring at specific subcellular locations and regulated by signaling events.

JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY (2021)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of the anti-cancer agent infigratinib: Application for estimation of metabolic stability in human liver microsomes

Gamal A. E. Mostafa et al.

Summary: Infigratinib (INF) is a novel small molecule inhibitor of human FGFRs, approved by the FDA for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma. A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed to estimate the concentration of INF in the HLM matrix in this study.

JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Inhibiting Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase: An Update on Pharmacological Small-Molecule Compounds in Cancer

Shiou Zhu et al.

Summary: Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K) is a key negative regulator of protein synthesis in tumorigenesis, with potential for cancer therapy improvement through single-target inhibitors, repurposed drugs, dual-target inhibitors, drug combination strategies, and emerging technologies.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Targeting Rearranged during Transfection in Cancer: A Perspective on Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Their Clinical Development

Debasmita Saha et al.

Summary: Aberrant signaling of RET in cancers can be effectively treated through pharmacological manipulation, and there has been an increasing focus on developing specific therapies for RET in recent years. In 2020, the first kinase inhibitors specifically developed to target the RET oncoprotein were approved, marking a significant advancement in precision medicine for RET-driven malignancies.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Development of Cdc2-like Kinase 2 Inhibitors: Achievements and Future Directions

Zhen Qin et al.

Summary: Cdc2-like kinases (CLKs), including CLK2, are associated with various diseases and CLK2 has received attention as a regulator that phosphorylates proteins to modulate splicing processes. Numerous CLK2 inhibitors have been identified, with Lorecivivint being in phase 3 clinical trials, but highly selective inhibitors are rarely reported.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

Article Virology

SARS-CoV-2 Disrupts Proximal Elements in the JAK-STAT Pathway

Da-Yuan Chen et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple organs in the human body and evade host antiviral immunity by suppressing interferon signaling. Targeting viral mediators of immune evasion may help block virus replication.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2021)

News Item Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

TARGET WATCH eEF2K: an atypical kinase target for cancer

Louisa Temme et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2021)

Review Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer

Benno Traub et al.

Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with poor survival rates, prompting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Protein kinases play crucial roles in development and pathogenesis, making them potential targets for precision medicine in patients with deregulated kinase pathways.

WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

NGF-TrkA signaling dictates neural ingrowth and aberrant osteochondral differentiation after soft tissue trauma

Seungyong Lee et al.

Summary: Soft tissue trauma can induce NGF expression, leading to axonal invasion and abnormal osteochondral differentiation, which can be prevented by inhibition of NGF signaling.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adipose tissue-derived neurotrophic factor 3 regulates sympathetic innervation and thermogenesis in adipose tissue

Xin Cui et al.

Summary: Activation of brown fat thermogenesis increases energy expenditure and alleviates obesity, and NT-3 is a key fat-derived neurotrophic factor that regulates SNS innervation and energy metabolism in adipose tissue. Increasing NT-3 promotes beige adipocyte development and protects against diet-induced obesity, while TRKC haploinsufficiency leads to cold intolerance and susceptibility to obesity.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Oncology

Combined inhibition of AURKA and HSF1 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress

Zetian Shen et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the anti-tumor effect of co-inhibition of AURKA and HSF1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that the combined inhibition led to increased cell apoptosis, potentially mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway. These findings suggest that AURKA and HSF1 may be promising targets for HCC treatment.

CELLULAR ONCOLOGY (2021)

Article Respiratory System

Nemiralisib in Patients with an Acute Exacerbation of COPD: Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study

William A. Fahy et al.

Summary: Inhaled nemiralisib did not improve lung function or reduce re-exacerbations in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. However, the study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting large clinical trials in acutely exacerbating patients.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2021)

Review Oncology

Akt Isoforms: A Family Affair in Breast Cancer

Alakananda Basu et al.

Summary: This article discusses the importance of breast cancer in women in the United States and the role of Akt isoforms in the development of breast cancer. While Akt isoforms share similar structures, they exhibit redundant, distinct, and opposite functions in breast cancer. Understanding the isoform-specific function of Akt is critical for effectively targeting the Akt signaling pathway in cancer therapy.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Oncology

RET Inhibitors in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Priscilla Cascetta et al.

Summary: RET rearrangements in NSCLC act as a potential therapeutic target, with selective RET inhibitors showing higher efficacy rates and good tolerability, providing hope for patients with RET-positive NSCLC. Ongoing phase III clinical trials will definitively establish the efficacy of these inhibitors in RET-positive NSCLC patients.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Oncology

New Angiogenic Regulators Produced by TAMs: Perspective for Targeting Tumor Angiogenesis

Irina Larionova et al.

Summary: This review discusses the impact and regulatory role of pro-angiogenic factors produced by macrophages on angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the limitations of current anti-angiogenic therapy. It highlights the complexity of angiogenesis regulation and potential future directions for targeting pro-angiogenic activity of tumor-associated macrophages.

CANCERS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

CDK4/6 inhibitors: a brief overview and prospective research directions

Tenzin Adon et al.

Summary: The discovery of CDK4/6 inhibitors is considered a game-changer in cancer therapy, as their inhibition triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Targeting CDK4/6 has been proposed as a paradigm shift in anticancer approaches, and the development of effective inhibitors is becoming a promising cancer therapy.

RSC ADVANCES (2021)

Article Oncology

FLT3 mutated acute myeloid leukemia: 2021 treatment algorithm

Naval Daver et al.

Summary: Approximately 30% of newly diagnosed AML patients have FLT3 gene mutations, with FLT3-ITDmut showing adverse prognostic impact. Guidelines recommend rapid molecular testing for FLT3(mut) and early use of targeted agents, but challenges remain in prolonged remission, limited options for refractory patients, and resistance mechanisms that call for multi-agent therapies.

BLOOD CANCER JOURNAL (2021)

Article Oncology

Population pharmacokinetics of ATR inhibitor berzosertib in phase I studies for different cancer types

Nadia Terranova et al.

Summary: Berzosertib is a first-in-class inhibitor being developed in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced cancers. Population PK analysis showed that concentrations of berzosertib exceeded p-Chk1 IC50 at recommended phase II doses when combined with carboplatin, cisplatin, and gemcitabine, indicating its potential efficacy in these combinations without significant PK interactions.

CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY (2021)

Review Oncology

Inhibitors targeting Bruton's tyrosine kinase in cancers: drug development advances

Tingyu Wen et al.

Summary: BTK inhibitor ibrutinib has revolutionized the management of B-cell malignancies by creating a chemotherapy-free era, with sales exceeding 230 billion dollars in just 6 years and becoming one of the top five best-selling medicines globally. Numerous clinical trials of BTK inhibitors were initiated in the past decade, with around 73 trials intensively announced or updated in the most recent 3 years.

LEUKEMIA (2021)

Review Immunology

IRAK family in inflammatory autoimmune diseases

Lin-Chong Su et al.

AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Akt Pathway Inhibitors

Nne E. Uko et al.

CURRENT TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Tropomyosin receptor kinase inhibitors: an updated patent review for 2016-2019

Justin J. Bailey et al.

EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC PATENTS (2020)

Review Oncology

The role of bosutinib in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia

Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini et al.

FUTURE ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Discovery of ATR kinase inhibitor berzosertib (VX-970, M6620): Clinical candidate for cancer therapy

Lukas Gorecki et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Therapeutic potential of targeting mixed lineage kinases in cancer and inflammation

Kathleen A. Gallo et al.

PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Tirabrutinib: First Approval

Sohita Dhillon

Review Medicine, General & Internal

ROCK (RhoA/Rho Kinase) in Cardiovascular-Renal Pathophysiology: A Review of New Advancements

Teresa M. Seccia et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Inhibition of Aurora Kinase B attenuates fibroblast activation and pulmonary fibrosis

Rajesh K. Kasam et al.

EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Copanlisib for the treatment of adults with relapsed follicular lymphoma

Massimo Magagnoli et al.

EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Growth Inhibitory Signaling of the Raf/MEK/ERK Pathway

Pui-Kei Wu et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

GDC-0980 (apitolisib) treatment with gemcitabine and/or cisplatin synergistically reduces cholangiocarcinoma cell growth by suppressing the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway

Dong Kee Jang et al.

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Comparative Assessment of Protein Kinase Inhibitors in Public Databases and in PKIDB

Colin Bournez et al.

MOLECULES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Discovery of SP-96, the first non-ATP-competitive Aurora Kinase B inhibitor, for reduced myelosuppression

Naga Rajiv Lakkaniga et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Review Oncology

Encorafenib, Binimetinib, and Cetuximab in BRAF V600E-Mutated Colorectal Cancer

Giandomenico Roviello et al.

TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY (2020)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Targeting Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) in Hematological Cancers

Pavlina Janovska et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Checkpoint Kinase 1 Pharmacological Inhibition Synergizes with DNA-Damaging Agents and Overcomes Platinum Resistance in Basal-Like Breast Cancer

Cristina Nieto-Jimenez et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2020)

Review Cell Biology

Pathological Functions of LRRK2 in Parkinson's Disease

Ga Ram Jeong et al.

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Systemic review on B-RafV600E mutation as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer

Jaydeepsinh Chavda et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An update on ripasudil for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension

V Testa et al.

DRUGS OF TODAY (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Structural and strategic landscape of PIKK protein family and their inhibitors: an overview

Deekshi Angira et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2020)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Evolution of PIKK family kinase inhibitors: A new age cancer therapeutics

Althaf Shaik et al.

FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK (2020)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Ras-Mediated Activation of the Raf Family K nases

Elizabeth M. Terrell et al.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dual-specificity MAP kinase phosphatases in health and disease

Ole-Morten Seternes et al.

BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH (2019)

Article Oncology

AS602801 Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells to Paclitaxel by Down-regulating MDR1

Masahiro Yamamoto et al.

ANTICANCER RESEARCH (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

An Update on the Association of Protein Kinases with Cardiovascular Diseases

Fakhra Amin et al.

CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN (2019)

Review Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

CaMKII signaling in heart diseases: Emerging role in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Bence Hegyi et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR CARDIOLOGY (2019)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Targeting ROCK/LIMK/cofilin signaling pathway in cancer

Mee-Hyun Lee et al.

ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH (2019)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Alpelisib for PIK3CA-Mutated, Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer

Fabrice Andre et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Targeting ERK1/2 protein-serine/threonine kinases in human cancers

Robert Roskoski

PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH (2019)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Sotrastaurin attenuates the stemness of gastric cancer cells by targeting PKCδ

Yuan Yuan et al.

BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY (2019)

Article Respiratory System

Phase II Study of Single/Repeated Doses of Acumapimod (BCT197) to Treat Acute Exacerbations of COPD

Irina R. Strambu et al.

COPD-JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (2019)

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

INCB050465 (Parsaclisib), a Novel Next-Generation Inhibitor of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta (PI3Kδ)

Eddy W. Yue et al.

ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS (2019)

Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Ribociclib in HR+/HER2-Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Kaitlin Rascon et al.

ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY (2019)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

B-Raf deficiency impairs tumor initiation and progression in a murine breast cancer model

Martin Koehler et al.

ONCOGENE (2019)

Review Cell Biology

MAP4K3/GLK in autoimmune disease, cancer and aging

Huai-Chia Chuang et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Effect of CHK1 Inhibition on CPX-351 Cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo

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