Analytical separation techniques: toward achieving atomic precision in nanomaterials science

The size- and shape-dependence of the properties are the most characteristic features of nanoscale matter. In many types of nanomaterials, there is a size regime wherein every atom counts. In order to fully realize the idea of 'maneuvering things atom by atom' envisioned by Richard Feynman, synthesis and separation of nanoscale matter with atomic precision are essential. It is therefore not surprising that analytical separation techniques have contributed tremendously toward understanding the size- as well as shape-dependent properties of nanomaterials. Fascinating properties of nanomaterials would not have been explored without the use of these techniques. Here we discuss the pivotal role of analytical separation techniques in the progress of nanomaterials science. We begin with a brief overview of some of the key analytical separation techniques that are of tremendous importance in nanomaterials research. Then we describe how each of these techniques has contributed to the advancements in nanomaterials science taking some of the nanosystems as examples. We discuss the limitations and challenges of these techniques and future perspectives.

Automated summary

The properties of nanoscale matter are highly dependent on size and shape, requiring atomic precision synthesis and separation to achieve the envisioned idea of 'maneuvering things atom by atom' by Richard Feynman. Analytical separation techniques have played a key role in understanding the size- and shape-dependent properties of nanomaterials, contributing tremendously to the progression of nanomaterials science. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of these techniques are also discussed in the context of nanomaterials research.