Emerging pyroptosis-engineered nanobiotechnologies regulate cancers and inflammatory diseases: A double-edged sword

Pyroptosis is closely associated with tumors and inflammatory dis-eases. By enhancing pyroptosis, direct and immune-response -trig-gered deaths of tumor cells are increased, while, by inhibiting pyroptosis, the progression of inflammatory diseases is alleviated. Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies are receiving increasing attention because of their unique advantages and diverse strate-gies, which hold great potential in treating pyroptosis-related dis-eases. In this review, we firstly describe the extensively accepted pyroptosis pathways and summarize pyroptosis inducers and inhib-itors that may pose safety concerns. Subsequently, the advances and rationales of nanobiotechnology and therapeutic approaches in regulating pyroptosis for treating cancer and inflammation -asso-ciated diseases are summarized, where the activation or blockade of different pyroptosis pathways are highlighted and the correlation between pyroptosis and immunity is stressed. Also, we expound on how and why some abnormal components present in lesion microenvironment could be engineered after rationally different nanoplatforms. Finally, we provide distinctive insights into the py-roptosis-engineered nanobiotechnologies in tumor and inflamma-tion disease treatments.

Automated summary

This review highlights the importance of pyroptosis in tumors and inflammatory diseases and the potential of nanobiotechnology in treating pyroptosis-related diseases. It summarizes the pyroptosis pathways, inducers, and inhibitors, and explores the role of nanotechnology in regulating pyroptosis and treating cancer and inflammation-associated diseases.