4.6 Article

Prefrontal Ischemia in the Rat Leads to Secondary Damage and Inflammation in Remote Gray and White Matter Regions

期刊

FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00081

关键词

thalamus; stroke; white matter inflammation; diaschisis; axonal degeneration; microglia

资金

  1. Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF)
  2. National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [418489]
  3. Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) [34213]
  4. Canadian Consortium for Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA)
  5. Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) [126127]
  6. NSERC
  7. Innovation PEI
  8. Atlantic Innovation Fund (AIF) [193639]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Secondary damage processes, such as inflammation and oxidative stress, can exacerbate an ischemic lesion and spread to adjacent brain regions. Yet, few studies investigate how regions remote from the infarct could also suffer from degeneration and inflammation in the aftermath of a stroke. To find out to what extent far-remote brain regions are affected after stroke, we used a bilateral endothelin-1-induced prefrontal infarct rat model. Brain regions posterior to the prefrontal cortical infarct were analyzed for ongoing neurodegeneration using FluoroJadeB (FJB) and for neuroinflammation using lba1 and OX-6 immunohistochemistry 28 days post-stroke. The FJB-positive dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus (DMN) and retrosplenial area (RSA) of the cortex displayed substantial neuroinflammation. Significant neuronal loss was only observed within the cortex. Significant microglia recruitment and activation in the FJB-positive internal capsule indicates remote white matter pathology. These findings demonstrate that even regions far remote from an infarct are affected predictably based on anatomical connectivity, and that white matter inflammation is an integral part of remote pathology. The delayed nature of this pathology makes it a valid target for preventative treatment, potentially with an extended time window of opportunity for therapeutic intervention using anti-inflammatory agents.

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