期刊
ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY METABOLISM
卷 66, 期 5, 页码 748-755出版社
SBEM-SOC BRASIL ENDOCRINOLOGIA & METABOLOGIA
DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000565
关键词
Vitamin D; randomized controlled trial; vitamin D; metabolism; physiology; therapeutic use
Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide, affecting the musculoskeletal system as well as various other physiological functions. Further clinical analysis and long-term follow-up studies are needed to determine the impact of vitamin D on extraskeletal health and to establish standardized assessment methods.
Vitamin D deficiency is a general health problem affecting individuals at all stages of life and on different continents. The musculoskeletal effects of vitamin D are well known. Its deficiency causes rickets, osteomalacia, and secondary hyperparathyroidism and increases the risk of fractures. Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that vitamin D performs multiple extraskeletal functions. Several tissues unrelated to calcium and phosphate metabolism express vitamin D receptor (VDR) and are directly or indirectly influenced by 1,25(OH)2D (calcitriol). Some also express the enzyme 1 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP27B1) and produce 1,25(OH)2D, inducing autocrine or paracrine effects. Among the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D are the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. In this review, we outline vitamin D physiology and the outcomes of recent large RCTs on its potential extraskeletal effects. Those studies exhibit a need for continued clinical analysis to elucidate whether vitamin D status can influence extraskeletal health. Longer longitudinal follow-up and standardized assays are crucial to better assess potential outcomes. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2022;66(5):748-55
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