期刊
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
卷 18, 期 16, 页码 6176-6188出版社
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.77051
关键词
Lipid droplets; Thermogenesis; Brown; beige adipose tissue; Lipophagy
资金
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [32172700]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [2662022DKPY002]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- [2021YFF1000601]
This article reviews the important role of lipid droplets (LDs) in thermogenesis, including the mechanisms of fatty acid release and UCP1 activation, as well as the interactions between LDs and mitochondria and the process of lipophagy. These research advances contribute to a better understanding of the functions of LDs in regulating body temperature.
Mammals maintain a constant core body temperature through adaptive thermogenesis which includes shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis. Non-shivering thermogenesis relies primarily on mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in thermogenic fat (including brown and beige adipose tissue) to burn substrates, such as fatty acids (FAs), and convert chemical energy into heat. Lipid droplets (LDs), which are organelles that store lipids, are present in large numbers in thermogenic fat and are essential for adipose thermogenesis. Upon cold stimulation, LDs rapidly release FAs through autophagy or lipase-mediated lipolysis and rapidly translocate FAs into the mitochondria by interacting with mitochondria to burn and so promote thermogenesis. In addition, LD proteins promote the expression of UCP1 by activating the transcriptional activity of thermogenesis-related proteins. Here, the progress of research on the important role of LDs in thermogenesis is reviewed, mainly in terms of LD proteins, LD-organelle interactions, and LD autophagy (lipophagy). The emerging rationale for the involvement of LDs in each thermogenic pathway is described and the remaining unanswered questions in this field are highlighted.
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