期刊
CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
卷 35, 期 4, 页码 163-168出版社
SCIENDO
DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0030
关键词
prostate cancer; cell viability; GRP78; ethnicity; ER stress; betulinic acid
资金
- NIH RISE program [1R25GM096956]
- NSF PSLSAMP [1619689]
- NIH MARC-U [2T34GM100832-06A1]
- NSF HBCU-UP RIA [1800683]
- Direct For Education and Human Resources
- Division Of Human Resource Development [1800683] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Betulinic acid (BA) compounds have cytotoxic effects on both African American and Caucasian men's prostate cancer cells, regardless of ethnicity and androgen dependence. The growth inhibition of PCa cells by BA compounds operates through independent pathways.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common invasive malignancy for men in the USA. The incidence and mortality rates of PCa are significantly higher among African American men, as compared to those in Caucasian men. Betulinic acid (BA) is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is often found in the bark of several species of plants. It possesses a variety of biological activities, including anti-cancer activities. We examined the cytotoxic effects and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by BA and its ionic derivatives with PCa cells derived from African Americans and Caucasian men. The viability of all PCa cells was reduced by the BA compounds, and the cytotoxicity of these BA compounds was independent of ethnicity and androgen dependency. The BA compounds induced modest effects on ER stress proteins when compared with ER stress inducers, tunicamycin and thapsigargin. The induction of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was largely correlated with the expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and cleaved poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP)/caspase-3 in the PCa cells. In summary, our data demonstrated that BA compounds impaired the growth of PCa cells regardless of ethnicity - through GRP78- and CHOP-independent pathways.
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