Caught in Action: Visualizing Dynamic Nanostructures Within Supramolecular Systems Chemistry

Supramolecular systems chemistry has been an area of active research to develop nanomaterials with life-like functions. Progress in systems chemistry relies on our ability to probe the nanostructure formation in solution. Often visualizing the dynamics of nanostructures which transform over time is a formidable challenge. This necessitates a paradigm shift from dry sample imaging towards solution-based techniques. We review the application of state-of-the-art techniques for real-time, in situ visualization of dynamic self-assembly processes. We present how solution-based techniques namely optical super-resolution microscopy, solution-state atomic force microscopy, liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations and other emerging techniques are revolutionizing our understanding of active and adaptive nanomaterials with life-like functions. This Review provides the visualization toolbox and futuristic vision to tap the potential of dynamic nanomaterials.

Automated summary

Supramolecular systems chemistry is a thriving field of research focused on developing nanomaterials with lifelike functions. Progress in this field relies on our ability to study the formation of nanostructures in solution. Visualizing the dynamic transformation of these structures over time is often challenging, requiring a shift from dry imaging techniques to solution-based ones. In this review, we discuss the application of state-of-the-art techniques such as optical super-resolution microscopy, solution-state atomic force microscopy, liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and other emerging techniques for real-time, in situ visualization of dynamic self-assembly processes. This review provides valuable insights and a visionary approach to exploring the potential of dynamic nanomaterials.