4.5 Review

Computation at the speed of light: metamaterials for all-optical calculations and neural networks

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NATURE PHOTONICS (2021)

Article Optics

Nanophotonics enhanced coverslip for phase imaging in biology

Lukas Wesemann et al.

Summary: The research demonstrates a novel nanostructured coverslip that converts phase information to high-contrast intensity images, enabling real-time visualisation of transparent objects. By placing unstained human cancer cells on the device, the internal structure within the cells can be clearly seen. The study shows the significant potential of nanophotonic devices for integration into compact imaging and medical diagnostic devices.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Analog signal processing through space-time digital metasurfaces

Hamid Rajabalipanah et al.

Nanophotonics (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Vanadium Dioxide for Dynamically Tunable Photonics

Byoungsu Ko et al.

Summary: Phase-change materials (PCMs) such as vanadium dioxide (VO2) have attracted attention for their optical properties and are currently a widely researched trend in photonic applications, aiming to be applied in various fields such as color filters and smart windows.

CHEMNANOMAT (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optical secret sharing with cascaded metasurface holography

Philip Georgi et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates a novel secret sharing scheme based on metasurface holography, utilizing holographic images for splitting and reconstructing encrypted information, achieving high fidelity secret extraction.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Holographic metasurface gas sensors for instantaneous visual alarms

Inki Kim et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel compact sensor platform that can autonomously sense the presence of gases and provide immediate visual holographic alarms without the need for additional complex instruments to report gas detection information. By combining liquid crystals and holographic metasurfaces, researchers have developed a compact gas sensor and successfully demonstrated its applicability on safety goggles.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Metasurface-Driven Optically Variable Devices

Chunghwan Jung et al.

Summary: Traditional OVDs face risks in the face of increasing counterfeit threats; Metasurfaces, as candidates for the new generation of OVDs, exhibit multiple optical responses and provide a more robust solution for optical anti-counterfeiting; mOVDs have multiple optical responses, are difficult to reverse engineer, and are key points of discussion in terms of fabrication methods and classification.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2021)

Article Optics

Spin Hall Effect under Arbitrarily Polarized or Unpolarized Light

Minkyung Kim et al.

Summary: This study proves that the spin Hall effect of light is independent of incident polarization and symmetrical in shift when the two linear polarization states have the same Fresnel coefficients. Under unpolarized incidence, the reflected beam is split into two circularly polarized components that undergo the same amount of splitting in opposite directions.

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS (2021)

Article Optics

Switchable imaging between edge-enhanced and bright field based on a phase-change metasurface

Hui Yang et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated a meta-device capable of dynamically switching between 2D edge-enhanced imaging and bright-field imaging, functioning as either a high-pass or low-pass filter in the Fourier frequency spectrum depending on its phase state. The meta-device features an ultra-thin architecture and polarization-insensitive dynamically switchable functionality, with potential applications in integrated biomedical imaging and defect detection.

OPTICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Optics

Optical random phase dropout in a diffractive deep neural network

Yong-Liang Xiao et al.

Summary: Unitary learning is a backpropagation method used in updating unitary weights in fully connected deep complex-valued neural networks. However, the square matrix characteristic of unitary weights leads to small-sample training, resulting in networks with poor generalization capability. To address this issue, optical random phase dropout is introduced, enhancing generalization through the use of random phases in dropout positions.

OPTICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tunable unidirectional nonlinear emission from transition-metal-dichalcogenide metasurfaces

Mudassar Nauman et al.

Summary: Researchers have successfully demonstrated enhanced single-beam second- and third-harmonic generation in a metasurface made of crystalline transition-metal-dichalcogenide material, offering the highest refractive index. The resonances of the metasurface allow for tuning of the unidirectional second-harmonic radiation in a forward or backward direction, presenting new opportunities for metasurface-based nonlinear light sources.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pixelated bifunctional metasurface-driven dynamic vectorial holographic color prints for photonic security platform

Inki Kim et al.

Summary: The authors introduced a bi-functional metasurface that combines structural color printing and polarization encoded vectorial holography, showcasing an electrically tunable optical security platform for advanced encryption applications. This metasurface offers versatile polarization control with eight channels, where structural color prints are observed under white light and polarization encoded holograms are reconstructed under laser illumination. A proof-of-concept electrically tunable optical security platform, doubly encrypted for security and anticounterfeiting applications, is developed incorporating liquid crystals.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Inverse design of ultra-narrowband selective thermal emitters designed by artificial neural networks

Sunae So et al.

Summary: The inverse design of thermal emitters using artificial neural networks has shown to be effective in achieving high efficiency and enhancing performance of photonic devices. This design approach can be applied to practical applications such as thermophotovoltaics, IR sensing and imaging, and infrared heating to utilize sustainable energy sources effectively.

OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS (2021)

Editorial Material Optics

Unlocking the future of optical security with metasurfaces

Jaehyuck Jang et al.

Summary: The multiple degrees of freedom of light, including amplitude, phase, polarization, and orbital angular momentum, make it an excellent candidate for optical security and encryption. By utilizing the unique characteristics of metasurfaces, exciting new optical security platforms have been demonstrated.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Large-Scale Metasurfaces Based on Grayscale Nanosphere Lithography

Hanyu Zheng et al.

Summary: The paper proposes a novel manufacturing method for metasurfaces based on self-assembly of nanospheres combined with grayscale lithography, enabling large-scale metasurfaces with nonperiodic phase profiles in a cost-effective manner. This approach demonstrates diffraction-limited focusing and holograms on a series of large-scale metalenses, potentially opening new doors for cost-effective and large-scale fabrication of a wide range of metasurface-based optics.

ACS PHOTONICS (2021)

Review Physics, Applied

Meta-optical and thin film devices for all-optical information processing

Lukas Wesemann et al.

Summary: All-optical spatial frequency filtering, with a long history, is now often replaced with digital alternatives. Optical methods minimize energy requirements and allow for real-time image manipulation, but are relatively bulky. Nanophotonic approaches are gaining interest in enhancing images, with metasurfaces and thin film devices seen as potential for ultra-compact image processing in the future.

APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS (2021)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photonic Matrix Computing: From Fundamentals to Applications

Junwei Cheng et al.

Summary: Optical computing offers high-speed parallel information processing with low energy consumption for emerging AI applications. This review introduces photonic matrix computing and optical neural networks, discusses advantages and challenges of optical computing, and highlights promising prospects for future development.

NANOMATERIALS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Edge detection with meta-lens: from one dimension to three dimensions

Mu Ku Chen et al.

Summary: The article introduces an imaging system for light-field edge detection based on a gallium nitride achromatic meta-lens array, capable of one-dimensional to three-dimensional edge detection. With 60x60 achromatic meta-lenses operating in the visible range, the system captures and computes all light field information, providing focused edge images with depth estimation through image rendering. The multidimensional edge detection system offers advantages such as broadband detection and device miniaturization, showing potential applications in biological diagnosis and robotic vision.

NANOPHOTONICS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Fabrication robustness in BIC metasurfaces

Julius Kuehne et al.

Summary: The study introduces a combined numerical/experimental methodology to predict how unavoidable tolerances in nanofabrication affect the performance of different BIC metasurface designs.

NANOPHOTONICS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electrically Tunable Bifocal Metalens with Diffraction-Limited Focusing and Imaging at Visible Wavelengths

Trevon Badloe et al.

Summary: Researchers demonstrated an electrically controllable bifocal metalens at visible wavelengths, with liquid crystals for actively manipulating the focal length. The metalens showed highly efficient focusing performance with a measured focusing efficiency of around 44%, and could switch focus between two designed focal planes through electrical modulation.

ADVANCED SCIENCE (2021)

Article Optics

Laplace metasurfaces for optical analog computing based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

Danping Pan et al.

Summary: This study introduces a Laplace metasurface capable of performing Laplace operation on light field patterns, achieving high resolution and nearly perfect isotropic second-order differentiation. Numerical validation confirms the effectiveness of the Laplace metasurface, and demonstrates its application in image processing.

PHOTONICS RESEARCH (2021)

Review Optics

Intelligent designs in nanophotonics: from optimization towards inverse creation

Ning Wang et al.

Summary: Applying intelligent algorithms to conceive nanoscale meta-devices has become a flourishing and highly active scientific topic. The use of artificial intelligence in accelerating the prototyping of photonic layouts with enhanced performance is at the forefront of this field, showing a trend towards inverse creation of novel designs. By discussing algorithm-assisted nanophotonic designs, mutual benefits between the fields of AI and photonics can be examined.

PHOTONIX (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Reconfigurable nonlinear response of dielectric and semiconductor metasurfaces

Luca Carletti et al.

Summary: Optically resonant dielectric and semiconductor metasurfaces are promising areas of research in nanophotonics and light-matter interaction, with recent focus on active tuning of linear response and nonlinear effects. Dynamic nonlinear metasurfaces based on these materials could potentially meet the demand for integrated on-chip components with essential functionalities.

NANOPHOTONICS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Bound states in the continuum in resonant nanostructures: an overview of engineered materials for tailored applications

Shereena Joseph et al.

Summary: The evolution of BIC modes spans various symmetrical and functional mediums, with applications covering pure dielectric and lossy plasmonic BICs. Engineered functional materials combined with pure dielectric mediums provide a promising approach for hybrid-quasi-BIC modes. Additionally, discussions on applications of BIC modes in nonlinear harmonic generation, sensing, imaging, lasing, nanocavities, communication, and photodetection have been explored.

NANOPHOTONICS (2021)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Tunable Metasurfaces: The Path to Fully Active Nanophotonics

Trevon Badloe et al.

Summary: Metasurfaces in the field of nanophotonics have gained attention due to their sub-wavelength dimensions and lightweight characteristics. Research has focused on developing high-performance metasurfaces with optical properties that outperform conventional optics. The future direction is to develop actively tunable metasurfaces for wider applications.

ADVANCED PHOTONICS RESEARCH (2021)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Nanoimprint lithography for high-throughput fabrication of metasurfaces

Dong Kyo Oh et al.

Summary: Metasurfaces are composed of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures with unique optical properties. Mechanical nanopatterning processes, particularly nanoimprint lithography (NIL), have been actively studied to overcome the high fabrication cost and low productivity of traditional methods, leading to explosive development in metasurface fabrication.

FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS (2021)

Review Optics

Research progress in optical neural networks: theory, applications and developments

Jia Liu et al.

Summary: With the rise of the big data era, artificial intelligence has been widely utilized in various fields, with a growing focus on optical neural networks which leverage light's parallel processing abilities to address issues encountered with electronic neural networks. This area of research has made significant progress and now stands at the forefront of global advancements in artificial intelligence.

PHOTONIX (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Flexible, Large-Area Covert Polarization Display Based on Ultrathin Lossy Nanocolumns on a Metal Film

Joo Hwan Ko et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Compounding Meta-Atoms into Metamolecules with Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Zhaocheng Liu et al.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2020)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Analysis of Diffractive Optical Neural Networks and Their Integration With Electronic Neural Networks

Deniz Mengu et al.

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (2020)

Article Optics

Flat optics for image differentiation

You Zhou et al.

NATURE PHOTONICS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Compact Incoherent Image Differentiation with Nanophotonic Structures

Haiwen Wang et al.

ACS PHOTONICS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electronic-photonic arithmetic logic unit for high-speed computing

Zhoufeng Ying et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-step manufacturing of hierarchical dielectric metalens in the visible

Gwanho Yoon et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Moth-eye shaped on-demand broadband and switchable perfect absorbers based on vanadium dioxide

Trevon Badloe et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

Article Optics

Performing optical logic operations by a diffractive neural network

Chao Qian et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Three-dimensional vectorial holography based on machine learning inverse design

Haoran Ren et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Photonic Spin-Multiplexing Metasurface for Switchable Spiral Phase Contrast Imaging

Pengcheng Huo et al.

NANO LETTERS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Dual-Polarization Analog 2D Image Processing with Nonlocal Metasurfaces

Hoyeong Kwon et al.

ACS PHOTONICS (2020)

Article Optics

Fourier optical preprocessing in lieu of deep learning

Baurzhan Muminov et al.

OPTICA (2020)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Meta-optics for spatial optical analog computing

Sajjad Abdollahramezani et al.

NANOPHOTONICS (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inference in artificial intelligence with deep optics and photonics

Gordon Wetzstein et al.

Summary: Artificial intelligence tasks require accelerators for fast and low-power execution. While general-purpose optical computing systems have not matured into a practical technology, recent research shows promise for optical computing in artificial intelligence applications, particularly for visual computing. The potential and challenges of all-optical and hybrid optical networks are discussed in this Perspective.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Meta-neural-network for real-time and passive deep-learning-based object recognition

Jingkai Weng et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Optics

Optical phase mining by adjustable spatial differentiator

Tengfeng Zhu et al.

ADVANCED PHOTONICS (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Selection rules for quasibound states in the continuum

Adam C. Overvig et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW B (2020)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Biomimetic ultra-broadband perfect absorbers optimised with reinforcement learning

Trevon Badloe et al.

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS (2020)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Deep learning enabled inverse design in nanophotonics

Sunae So et al.

NANOPHOTONICS (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Inverse-designed metastructures that solve equations

Nasim Mohammadi Estakhri et al.

SCIENCE (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager

Lianlin Li et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Optical edge detection based on high-efficiency dielectric metasurface

Junxiao Zhou et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

Article Optics

High-efficiency, large-area, topology-optimized metasurfaces

Thaibao Phan et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Facile Nanocasting of Dielectric Metasurfaces with Sub-100 nm Resolution

Kwan Kim et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Molecular contrast on phase-contrast microscope

Keiichiro Toda et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2019)

Article Optics

Multifunctional metaoptics based on bilayer metasurfaces

You Zhou et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2019)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

High-Index Dielectric Metasurfaces Performing Mathematical Operations

Andrea Cordaro et al.

NANO LETTERS (2019)

Article Optics

Intelligent metasurface imager and recognizer

Lianlin Li et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2019)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Pushing the limits of optical information storage using deep learning

Peter R. Wiecha et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Wave physics as an analog recurrent neural network

Tyler W. Hughes et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2019)

Article Optics

Nonlinear, tunable, and active optical metasurface with liquid film

Shimon Rubin et al.

ADVANCED PHOTONICS (2019)

Review Optics

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Wim Bogaerts et al.

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nonlinear metasurfaces: a paradigm shift in nonlinear optics

Alexander Krasnok et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2018)

Editorial Material Optics

LiDAR drives forwards

[Anonymous]

NATURE PHOTONICS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Tuneable Thermal Emission Using Chalcogenide Metasurface

Tun Cao et al.

ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS (2018)

Article Optics

Thermal camouflage based on the phase-changing material GST

Yurui Qu et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

All-optical machine learning using diffractive deep neural networks

Xing Lin et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Optics

Full-space Cloud of Random Points with a Scrambling Metasurface

Zile Li et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2018)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Multilayer Noninteracting Dielectric Metasurfaces for Multiwavelength Metaoptics

You Zhou et al.

NANO LETTERS (2018)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Nonlocal Metasurfaces for Optical Signal Processing

Hoyeong Kwon et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Space-time-coding digital metasurfaces

Lei Zhang et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

All-optical nonlinear activation function for photonic neural networks

Mario Miscuglio et al.

OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS (2018)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Controlling the phase of optical nonlinearity with plasmonic metasurfaces

Shumei Chen et al.

NANOPHOTONICS (2018)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Multiobjective Particle Swarm Optimization to Design a Time-Delay Equalizer Metasurface for an Electromagnetic Band-Gap Resonator Antenna

Ali Lalbakhsh et al.

IEEE ANTENNAS AND WIRELESS PROPAGATION LETTERS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lasing action from photonic bound states in continuum

Ashok Kodigala et al.

NATURE (2017)

Review Optics

Phase-change materials for non-volatile photonic applications

M. Wuttig et al.

NATURE PHOTONICS (2017)

Article Optics

Deep learning with coherent nanophotonic circuits

Yichen Shen et al.

NATURE PHOTONICS (2017)

Article Optics

Dielectric metasurfaces solve differential and integro-differential equations

Sajjad Abdollahramezani et al.

OPTICS LETTERS (2017)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Metasurface Polarization Optics: Independent Phase Control of Arbitrary Orthogonal States of Polarization

J. P. Balthasar Mueller et al.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plasmonic computing of spatial differentiation

Tengfeng Zhu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Composite functional metasurfaces for multispectral achromatic optics

Ori Avayu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2017)

Article Optics

Multifunctional interleaved geometric-phase dielectric metasurfaces

Elhanan Maguid et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2017)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

All-Optical Pattern Recognition and Image Processing on a Metamaterial Beam Splitter

Maria Papaioannou et al.

ACS PHOTONICS (2017)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nonlinear photonic metasurfaces

Guixin Li et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2017)

Article Optics

A fully reconfigurable photonic integrated signal processor

Weilin Liu et al.

NATURE PHOTONICS (2016)

Article Optics

Analog computing by Brewster effect

Amir Youssefi et al.

OPTICS LETTERS (2016)

Article Optics

Analog optical computing based on a dielectric meta-reflect array

Ata Chizari et al.

OPTICS LETTERS (2016)

Article Optics

Two-dimensional control of light with light on metasurfaces

Maria Papaioannou et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2016)

Review Optics

Functional and nonlinear optical metasurfaces

Alexander E. Minovich et al.

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS (2015)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Analog Computing Using Reflective Plasmonic Metasurfaces

Anders Pors et al.

NANO LETTERS (2015)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Performing Mathematical Operations with Metamaterials

Alexandre Silva et al.

SCIENCE (2014)

Article Optics

Coding metamaterials, digital metamaterials and programmable metamaterials

Tie Jun Cui et al.

LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS (2014)

Article Optics

Metasurfaces nanoantennas for light processing

Mohsen Farmahini-Farahani et al.

JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS (2013)

Article Optics

Why future supercomputing requires optics

H. John Caulfield et al.

Nature Photonics (2010)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Nanofabrication by self-assembly

Geoffrey A. Ozin et al.

MATERIALS TODAY (2009)

Article Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence

Robust real-time face detection

P Viola et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION (2004)