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Systemic and Local Effects Among Patients With Betel Quid-Related Oral Cancer

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出版社

SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
DOI: 10.1177/15330338221146870

关键词

head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; oral cancer; submucosal fibrosis; betel nut; trismus; arecoline; areca nut; oral submucosal fibrosis; metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular disease

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资金

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology, ROC [MOST 108-2314-B-182A-112-MY3, MOST 107-2314-B-182A-085, MOST 101-2314-B-182A-075-MY3]

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The major predisposing factors of developing oral cancer include smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing. Betel quid chewing could cause oral mucosa damage and lead to precancerous lesions and trismus. Betel quid-related oral cancer patients also have more systemic diseases than those without this habit. More attention should be paid to pretreatment evaluation, treatment strategy, and posttreatment follow-up among betel quid chewers.
The major predisposing factors of developing oral cancer include smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing. Betel quid chewing could cause the abrasion and damage of oral mucosa by crude fibers, chemical insults by additive slaked lime, and arecoline from areca nut. These would lead to the local consequence of oral submucosal fibrosis, which is regarded clinically as a precancer lesion and a major cause of trismus. In addition, the components and additives in betel quid contain chemical toxins and carcinogens, which would further affect the oral mucosa and gradually develop a malignancy. Following literature review, aside from having a greater total tumor burden and more local diseases in the oral cavity and digestive tract, patients with betel quid-related oral cancer also have more systemic diseases from metabolic syndrome, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes mellitus, and obesity than those without this habit. In conclusion, those patients who have the history of smoking, alcohol drinking, and betel quid chewing would present much more unique clinical characteristics than those who only have a history of smoking and alcohol drinking. More attention should therefore be paid to pretreatment evaluation, treatment strategy, and posttreatment follow-up among betel quid chewers.

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