Adaptive Deep Learning Detection Model for Multi-Foggy Images

The fog has different features and effects within every single environment. Detection whether there is fog in the image is considered a challenge and giving the type of fog has a substantial enlightening effect on image defogging. Foggy scenes have different types such as scenes based on fog density level and scenes based on fog type. Machine learning techniques have a significant contribution to the detection of foggy scenes. However, most of the existing detection models are based on traditional machine learning models, and only a few studies have adopted deep learning models. Furthermore, most of the existing machines learning detection models are based on fog density-level scenes. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no such detection model based on multi-fog type scenes have presented yet. Therefore, the main goal of our study is to propose an adaptive deep learning model for the detection of multi-fog types of images. Moreover, due to the lack of a publicly available dataset for inhomogeneous, homogenous, dark, and sky foggy scenes, a dataset for multi-fog scenes is presented in this study (https://github.com/Karrar-H-Abdulkareem/Multi-Fog-Dataset). Experiments were conducted in three stages. First, the data collection phase is based on eight resources to obtain the multi-fog scene dataset. Second, a classification experiment is conducted based on the ResNet-50 deep learning model to obtain detection results. Third, evaluation phase where the performance of the ResNet-50 detection model has been compared against three different models. Experimental results show that the proposed model has presented a stable classification performance for different foggy images with a 96% score for each of Classification Accuracy Rate (CAR), Recall, Precision, F1-Score which has specific theoretical and practical significance. Our proposed model is suitable as a pre-processing step and might be considered in different real-time applications.

Automated summary

Fog has different effects and features in different environments. It is challenging to detect fog in images, and knowing the type of fog has an enlightening effect on image defogging. Machine learning techniques have contributed significantly to detecting foggy scenes. However, most existing detection models are based on traditional machine learning, and only a few studies have used deep learning models. This study proposes an adaptive deep learning model for detecting images with multiple types of fog and provides a dataset for multi-fog scenes.