期刊
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
卷 82, 期 12, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-11002-8
关键词
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资金
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- National Key R&D Program of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics, Wuyi University
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in China
- Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique de Particules (IN2P3) in France
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) in Italy
- Italian-Chinese collaborative research program MAECI-NSFC
- Fond de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S-FNRS)
- FWO under the Excellence of Science - EOS in Belgium
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico in Brazil
- Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo
- ANID Millennium Science Initiative Program in Chile [ICN2019_044]
- Charles University Research Centre
- Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports in Czech Republic
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
- Helmholtz Association
- Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+ in Germany
- Joint Institute of Nuclear Research (JINR)
- Lomonosov Moscow State University in Russia
- Russian Science Foundation (RSF)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) research program
- MOST in Taiwan
- MOE in Taiwan
- Chulalongkorn University in Thailand
- Suranaree University of Technology in Thailand
- University of California at Irvine
- National Science Foundation in USA
The main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. This paper presents the testing procedure and statistical characteristics of the 20-inch PMTs used in the experiment, including the photocathode uniformity. The study provides valuable insights into the quality and performance of these PMTs.
Main goal of the JUNO experiment is to determine the neutrino mass ordering using a 20 kt liquid-scintillator detector. Its key feature is an excellent energy resolution of at least 3% at 1 MeV, for which its instruments need to meet a certain quality and thus have to be fully characterized. More than 20,000 20-inch PMTs have been received and assessed by JUNO after a detailed testing program which began in 2017 and elapsed for about four years. Based on this mass characterization and a set of specific requirements, a good quality of all accepted PMTs could be ascertained. This paper presents the performed testing procedure with the designed testing systems as well as the statistical characteristics of all 20-inch PMTs intended to be used in the JUNO experiment, covering more than fifteen performance parameters including the photocathode uniformity. This constitutes the largest sample of 20-inch PMTs ever produced and studied in detail to date, i.e. 15,000 of the newly developed 20-inch MCP-PMTs from Northern Night Vision Technology Co. (NNVT) and 5000 of dynode PMTs from Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.(HPK).
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