Gravitational tunneling in Lorentz violating gravity

Black holes in Lorentz violating gravity, such as Einstein-Aether or Ho.rava-Lifshitz gravity, are drastically different from their general relativistic siblings. Although they allow for superluminal motion in their vicinity, they still exhibit an absolute causal boundary in the form of a universal horizon. By working in the tunneling picture for a gravitating scalar field, we show that universal horizons emit Hawking radiation in a manner akin to standard results in general relativity, with a temperature controlled by the high-energy behavior of the dispersion relation of the gravitating field, and in agreement with alternative derivations in the literature. Our results substantiate the link between the universal horizon and thermodynamics in Lorentz violating theories.

Automated summary

Black holes in gravity theories with Lorentz violation, such as Einstein-Aether or Ho.rava-Lifshitz gravity, have significant differences compared to their counterparts in general relativity. While allowing for superluminal motion, they still possess an absolute causal boundary known as a universal horizon. By studying the tunneling picture of a gravitating scalar field, we demonstrate that universal horizons in Lorentz violating theories emit Hawking radiation similar to the standard results in general relativity, with the temperature being determined by the high-energy behavior of the dispersion relation. This result is consistent with alternative derivations found in the literature and strengthens the link between the universal horizon and thermodynamics in Lorentz violating theories.