HIV reservoir: antiviral immune responses and immune interventions for curing HIV infection

Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Possible Sterilizing Cure of HIV-1 Infection Without Stem Cell Transplantation

Gabriela Turk et al.

Summary: The study evaluated persistent HIV-1 reservoir cells in an elite controller, revealing the absence of genome-intact and replication-competent HIV-1, suggesting a potential natural sterilizing cure of HIV-1 infection.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Immunology

Natural Killer Cell Receptors and Ligands Are Associated With Markers of HIV-1 Persistence in Chronically Infected ART Suppressed Patients

Geoffrey T. Ivison et al.

Summary: This study examines the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in controlling HIV-1 persistence during long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART). The findings suggest that certain NK cell receptors and ligands are associated with HIV-1 persistence, as measured by various markers. Additionally, specific NK cell phenotypes were found to be related to HIV-1 persistence.

FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Engaging innate immunity in HIV-1 cure strategies

Nathan L. Board et al.

Summary: Current strategies for HIV-1 cure have not been successful in eliminating the latent reservoir, but engaging the immunology of dendritic cells and natural killer cells holds potential for achieving HIV-1 cure.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Review Immunology

Natural killer cells in antiviral immunity

Niklas K. Bjorkstrom et al.

Summary: This review explores the role of natural killer cells in acute and chronic viral infections, particularly focusing on insights from patients with primary immunodeficiencies. It also discusses the involvement of natural killer cells in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The review highlights the importance of NK cells in innate immune responses to viral infections and provides recent insights into their role in human studies.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Clustering and reverse transcription of HIV-1 genomes in nuclear niches of macrophages

Elena Rensen et al.

Summary: Infected macrophages exhibit large nuclear foci of viral DNA and RNA, with clusters forming that do not require chromosomal integration and consist predominantly of incoming genomic RNA. This indicates a different understanding of the early HIV-1 replication cycle and potential implications for addressing viral persistence.

EMBO JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Selective elimination of host cells harboring replication-competent human immunodeficiency virus reservoirs: a promising therapeutic strategy for HIV cure

Silvere D. Zaongo et al.

Summary: Recent research has introduced a promising alternative therapeutic option for HIV/AIDS, known as selective elimination of host cells capable of producing HIV (SECH). This approach requires the simultaneous administration of drugs targeting specific cells to efficiently eliminate HIV replication-competent cellular reservoirs. However, there are still three major challenges that may restrict the application of the SECH strategy in HIV/AIDS patients.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021

Steven G. Deeks et al.

Summary: Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV, lifelong treatment is required and there is no cure. Various methods including immune activators, neutralizing antibodies, therapeutic vaccines, and gene editing tools have shown promise in curing HIV in nonhuman primate models, with optimism for human clinical trials. Future HIV cure strategies may focus on in vivo delivery of gene-editing tools to target the virus, boost immunity, or protect cells from infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

HIV replication and latency in monocytes and macrophages

Rebecca T. Veenhuis et al.

Summary: Recent studies have challenged the previous belief that macrophages have a moderate lifespan and lack self-renewal potential, instead suggesting an important role as long-lived HIV reservoirs. It is critical to understand HIV infection, replication, and latency in macrophages in order to determine the appropriate method for measuring and eliminating this cellular reservoir. This review provides insight into the biology and infection dynamics of monocytes and macrophages, emphasizing the importance of replication, latency, and reservoir measurement in myeloid cells.

SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Analysis of the Characteristics of TIGIT-Expressing CD3-CD56+NK Cells in Controlling Different Stages of HIV-1 Infection

Xin Zhang et al.

Summary: TIGIT expression on NK cells is associated with dysfunction during chronic HIV infection, but its roles in acute HIV-1 infection are unclear. Our study found that TIGIT-expressing NK cells did not increase significantly until chronic infection, and their numbers were positively correlated with HIV-1 viral load in acute infection. Additionally, the expression of CD96 and CD226 on NK cells changed during different infection stages, with opposite associations with viral load and CD4 T-cell counts. Overall, TIGIT(+)NK cells displayed weaker functionalities compared to TIGIT(-)NK cells, indicating their limited ability to combat HIV-1 replication and maintain CD4 T-cell counts.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Microbiology

The CD8+ T Cell Noncytotoxic Antiviral Responses

Maelig G. Morvan et al.

MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Two Randomized Trials of Neutralizing Antibodies to Prevent HIV-1 Acquisition

L. Corey et al.

Summary: The study found that broadly neutralizing antibodies did not prevent HIV-1 acquisition more effectively than placebo, but analyses of VRC01-sensitive HIV-1 isolates indicated that prophylaxis with broadly neutralizing antibodies may be effective.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Microbiology

The Interplay of HIV-1 and Macrophages in Viral Persistence

Chynna M. Hendricks et al.

Summary: HIV-1 utilizes latent cellular reservoirs, including tissue resident macrophages, to persist in the host despite antiretroviral therapies. Current strategies are ineffective in eliminating these reservoirs, highlighting the need to focus on eradicating them for a potential functional cure in the future.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Transient CD4-cell-depletion therapy for HIV/AIDS cure

Min Wei et al.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

The TLR7 agonist vesatolimod induced a modest delay in viral rebound in HIV controllers after cessation of antiretroviral therapy

Devi SenGupta et al.

Summary: TLR7 agonist vesatolimod, when combined with ART, showed potential to delay viral rebound in HIV-1-infected controllers by reducing intact proviral DNA levels at the end of treatment. Further larger clinical studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of vesatolimod-based combination therapies for long-term control of HIV infection.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Review Immunology

Immunological effector mechanisms in HIV-1 elite controllers

Ciputra Adijaya Hartana et al.

Summary: HIV-1 elite controllers are a small subset of individuals infected with HIV-1 who can naturally control viral replication without the need for antiretroviral therapy. Recent studies have shown that these individuals maintain a unique viral reservoir with intact HIV-1 proviruses integrated into noncoding regions of the host genome, possibly due to potent antiviral immune responses. While HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells are believed to play a major role in controlling viral replication in elite controllers, there is increasing evidence suggesting that the interaction with innate immune cells also contributes to this immune control. The complex immune mechanisms involved in natural HIV-1 control without drugs represent a promising area for future research to find a cure for HIV-1 infection.

CURRENT OPINION IN HIV AND AIDS (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transfusion in immune non-responders with AIDS: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Lifeng Wang et al.

Summary: The study found that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) infusion was safe and well-tolerated for immune non-responder patients with chronic HIV-1 infection. After 48 weeks of treatment, the low-dose group showed a better increase in CD4+ T cell counts compared to the high-dose and control groups, indicating a potential for immune reconstitution improvement. Further investigation in larger cohort studies is needed to fully assess the therapeutic efficacy of hUC-MSC treatment.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

HLA-mismatched allogeneic adoptive immune therapy in severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients

Ruonan Xu et al.

Summary: This study reports the development of an allogeneic adaptive immune therapy for severely immunosuppressed AIDS patients, showing safety and efficacy in combination with antiretroviral therapy. The therapy involved transfusing peripheral blood mononuclear cells from qualified donors into patients, leading to improvements in immune function and clinical symptoms. Further clinical trials with control groups are needed to confirm the efficacy of this medication.

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A minor population of macrophage-tropic HIV-1 variants is identified in recrudescing viremia following analytic treatment interruption

Viviane M. Andrade et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Cell Biology

Vulnerability to reservoir reseeding due to high immune activation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in individuals with HIV-1

Johanna M. Eberhard et al.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Assessing the impact of AGS-004, a dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and vorinostat on persistent HIV-1 Infection

Cynthia L. Gay et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Virology

HIV-1-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Fail To Recognize and Eliminate the Follicular Dendritic Cell HIV Reservoir In Vitro

Matthew T. Ollerton et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Immunology

Evidence for HIV-1 cure after CCR5Δ32/Δ32 allogeneic haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation 30 months post analytical treatment interruption: a case report

Ravindra Kumar Gupta et al.

LANCET HIV (2020)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

HIV-Resistant and HIV-Specific CAR-Modified CD4+ T Cells Mitigate HIV Disease Progression and Confer CD4+ T Cell Help In Vivo

Colby R. Maldini et al.

MOLECULAR THERAPY (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Therapeutic vaccine-mediated Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell induction under anti-retroviral therapy augments anti-virus efficacy of CD8+ cells in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques

Midori Nakamura-Hoshi et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Dual CD4-based CAR T cells with distinct costimulatory domains mitigate HIV pathogenesis in vivo

Colby R. Maldini et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Broadly neutralizing plasma antibodies effective against autologous circulating viruses in infants with multivariant HIV-1 infection

Nitesh Mishra et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

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Article Microbiology

Innate, non-cytolytic CD8+T cell-mediated suppression of HIV replication by MHC-independent inhibition of virus transcription

Michelle Zanoni et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2020)

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Article Virology

Mucosal Dendritic Cell Subsets Control HIV-1's Viral Fitness

Bernadien M. Nijmeijer et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 7, 2020 (2020)

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Review Infectious Diseases

The role of CD8 T cells in controlling HIV beyond the antigen-specific face

C. Zhang et al.

HIV MEDICINE (2020)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Heterogeneity of HIV-1 latent reservoirs

Jia-Cong Zhao et al.

CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL (2020)

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Review Immunology

CD8+ T cells in HIV control, cure and prevention

David R. Collins et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2020)

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Editorial Material Neurosciences

Editor's Commentary for Special Issue: The Role of Macrophages in HIV Persistence

Tricia H. Burdo

JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

HIV-1 remission following CCR5Δ32/Δ32 haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation

Ravindra K. Gupta et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies in the clinic

Marina Caskey et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Immunology

Safety and efficacy of VRC01 broadly neutralising antibodies in adults with acutely treated HIV (RV397): a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Trevor A. Crowell et al.

LANCET HIV (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

CTL-mediated immunotherapy can suppress SHIV rebound in ART-free macaques

Jin Fan et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Review Immunology

Role of Dendritic Cells in Natural Immune Control of HIV-1 Infection

Enrique Martin-Gayo et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Potential of the NKG2D/NKG2DL Axis in NK Cell-Mediated Clearance of the HIV-1 Reservoir

Maria G. Desimio et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells in a Patient with HIV and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Lei Xu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Microbiology

TREM-1 Protects HIV-1-Infected Macrophages from Apoptosis through Maintenance of Mitochondrial Function

Grant R. Campbell et al.

MBIO (2019)

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Review Immunology

Update on Fc-Mediated Antibody Functions Against HIV-1 Beyond Neutralization

Bin Su et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Review Immunology

Targeting the Latent Reservoir for HIV-1

Srona Sengupta et al.

IMMUNITY (2018)

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Article Immunology

Resistance of HIV-infected macrophages to CD8+ T lymphocyte-mediated killing drives activation of the immune system

Kiera L. Clayton et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Impact of HIV-1 Envelope Conformation on ADCC Responses

Jonathan Richard et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rational design of a trispecific antibody targeting the HIV-1 Env with elevated anti-viral activity

James J. Steinhardt et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Combination therapy with anti-HIV-1 antibodies maintains viral suppression

Pilar Mendoza et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Safety and antiviral activity of combination HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies in viremic individuals

Yotam Bar-On et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mechanisms That Contribute to a Profound Reduction of the HIV-1 Reservoir After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant

Maria Salgado et al.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evidence for persistence of the SHIV reservoir early after MHC haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Lucrezia Colonna et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

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Article Immunology

Expression of the Inhibitory Receptor TIGIT Is Up-Regulated Specifically on NK Cells With CD226 Activating Receptor From HIV-Infected Individuals

Xiaowan Yin et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2018)

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Article Immunology

Humoral and Innate Antiviral Immunity as Tools to Clear Persistent HIV Infection

Guido Ferrari et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Virology

Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist GS-9620 Induces HIV Expression and HIV-Specific Immunity in Cells from HIV-Infected Individuals on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Angela Tsai et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Natural killer cells migrate into and control simian immunodeficiency virus replication in lymph node follicles in African green monkeys

Nicolas Huot et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2017)

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Editorial Material Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Langerhans Cells: the 'Yin and Yang' of HIV Restriction and Transmission

Luzia Mayr et al.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2017)

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Article Microbiology

Brain Macrophages in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected, Antiretroviral-Suppressed Macaques: a Functional Latent Reservoir

Claudia R. Avalos et al.

MBIO (2017)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Bispecific Anti-HIV-1 Antibodies with Enhanced Breadth and Potency

Stylianos Bournazos et al.

CELL (2016)

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Review Microbiology

HIV-Host Interactions: Implications for Vaccine Design

Barton F. Haynes et al.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2016)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

HIV-specific CD8+ T cells and HIV eradication

R. Brad Jones et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2016)

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Article Cell Biology

Elite controller CD8+ T cells exhibit comparable viral inhibition capacity, but better sustained effector properties compared to chronic progressors

David Shasha et al.

JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY (2016)

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Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Envelope-specific antibodies and antibody-derived molecules for treating and curing HIV infection

Guido Ferrari et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY (2016)

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Article Cell Biology

Composition and Antigenic Effects of Individual Glycan Sites of a Trimeric HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein

Anna-Janina Behrens et al.

CELL REPORTS (2016)

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Article Immunology

Short Communication: Exploring Antibody Potential as Prophylactic/Therapeutic Strategies for Prevention of Early Mucosal HIV-1 Infection

Bin Su et al.

AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES (2015)

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Review Immunology

APOBEC3 Proteins in Viral Immunity

Spyridon Stavrou et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Review Immunology

Innate immunity against HIV-1 infection

Marcus Altfeld et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2015)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Activation and lysis of human CD4 cells latently infected with HIV-1

Amarendra Pegu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2015)

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Article Microbiology

HIV Latency Is Established Directly and Early in Both Resting and Activated Primary CD4 T Cells

Leonard Chavez et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2015)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies and Viral Inducers Decrease Rebound from HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs in Humanized Mice

Ariel Halper-Stromberg et al.

CELL (2014)

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Article Virology

Dendritic Cell-Lymphocyte Cross Talk Downregulates Host Restriction Factor SAMHD1 and Stimulates HIV-1 Replication in Dendritic Cells

Bin Su et al.

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY (2014)

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Article Microbiology

HIV Protective KIR3DL1/S1-HLA-B Genotypes Influence NK Cell-Mediated Inhibition of HIV Replication in Autologous CD4 Targets

Rujun Song et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Human MX2 is an interferon-induced post-entry inhibitor of HIV-1 infection

Caroline Goujon et al.

NATURE (2013)

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Review Virology

HIV-1 transcription and latency: an update

Carine Van Lint et al.

RETROVIROLOGY (2013)

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Article Immunology

SAMHD1 restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by depleting the intracellular pool of deoxynucleoside triphosphates

Hichem Lahouassa et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2012)

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Article Hematology

Evidence for the cure of HIV infection by CCR5Δ32/Δ32 stem cell transplantation

Kristina Allers et al.

BLOOD (2011)

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Article Immunology

The antiviral factor APOBEC3G enhances the recognition of HIV-infected primary T cells by natural killer cells

Jason M. Norman et al.

NATURE IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Review Immunology

DCs and NK cells: critical effectors in the immune response to HIV-1

Marcus Altfeld et al.

NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY (2011)

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Article Virology

Selective downmodulation of HLA-A and -B by Nef alleles from different groups of primate lentiviruses

Anke Specht et al.

VIROLOGY (2008)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Recruitment of chromatin-modifying enzymes by CTIP2 promotes HIV-1 transcriptional silencing

Celine Marban et al.

EMBO JOURNAL (2007)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Long-term follow-up studies confirm the stability of the latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells

JD Siliciano et al.

NATURE MEDICINE (2003)

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Article Immunology

Cutting edge: Increased NK cell activity in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected Vietnamese intravascular drug users

D Scott-Algara et al.

JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2003)

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HIV reservoir: antiviral immune responses and immune interventions for curing HIV infection

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