Plasma miRNA-506 as a Prognostic Biomarker for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are responsible for regulating proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis in tumor cells. miRNA-506 is abnormally expressed in multiple tumors, indicating that it might be oncogenic or tumor-suppressive. However, little is known about the association between miRNA-506 expression and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Material/Methods: We examined the expression of miRNA-506 in the plasma of ESCC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine the association between miRNA-506 expression and clinicopathological features of ESCC. ROC curves were produced for ESCC diagnosis by plasma miRNA-506 and the area under curve was calculated to explore its diagnostic value. Results: Average miRNA-506 expression levels were remarkably higher in the plasma of ESCC patients than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). The expression of miRNA-506 in the plasma was closely associated with lymph node status (P = 0.004), TNM stage (P = 0.031), and tumor length (P < 0.001). According to ROC curves, the area under the curve for plasma miRNA-506 was 0.835, indicating statistical significance for ESCC diagnosis by plasma miRNA-506 (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with high miRNA-506 expression had significantly shorter survival time than those with low miRNA-506 expression. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that T stage, N stage, tumor length, and miRNA-506 expression levels were significantly correlated with prognosis in ESCC patients. Conclusions: miRNA-506 can serve as an important molecular marker for diagnosis and prognostic prediction of ESCC.