Towards the scaling up of perovskite solar cells and modules

A direct current (DC) simulation for perovskite solar cells with different dimensions was performed. The theoretical results demonstrate a good agreement with experimental data, indicating the reliability of the performed simulation. A theoretical model was applied for the investigation of large area devices with different sheet resistances of the transparent electrodes. The results indicate the critical influence of electrode resistance on the performance with the upscaling of the active area of the devices. The performance of the perovskite modules, calculated using DC simulation, enables the identification of the most rational sub-cell dimensions in the modules. The presented results reveal the relationship between the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices and the dimensions of the active area or the width of the sub-cell in the module. The DC simulation allows the determination of the optimal cell dimensions suitable for the upscaling of perovskite modules on substrates with different sheet resistances of the transparent electrodes.