Upcycling of spent LiCoO2 cathodes via nickel- and manganese-doping

Direct recycling has been regarded as one of the most promising approaches to dealing with the increasing amount of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the current direct recycling method remains insufficient to regenerate outdated cathodes to meet current industry needs as it only aims at recovering the structure and composition of degraded cathodes. Herein, a nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) co-doping strategy has been adopted to enhance LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode for next-generation high-performance LIBs through a conventional hydrothermal treatment combined with short annealing approach. Unlike direct recycling methods that make no changes to the chemical composition of cathodes, the unique upcycling process fabricates a series of cathodes doped with different contents of Ni and Mn. The regenerated LCO cathode with 5% doping delivers excellent electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 160.23 mAh g(-1) at 1.0 C and capacity retention of 91.2% after 100 cycles, considerably surpassing those of the pristine one (124.05 mAh g(-1) and 89.05%). All results indicate the feasibility of such Ni-Mn co-doping-enabled upcycling on regenerating LCO cathodes.

Automated summary

The adoption of Ni and Mn co-doping strategy in this study has successfully enhanced the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode, providing new insights for the development of next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Unlike traditional direct recycling methods, this upcycling process alters the chemical composition of the cathode to achieve cathode regeneration.