Sol-Gel Finishing for Protective Fabrics

Sol-gel method has been used since the early 1960s in various applications. There has been a growing interest in this method in recent decades, its materials, and its functionality. The sol-gel reaction consists of a series of simple hydrolysis and condensation reactions, and they are easy to perform and do not require special conditions or high temperatures. This reaction can be influenced by temperature, and varying solvent. Scientific databases, namely Scopus and ScienceDirect, mainly address the organic solvent-based sol-gel method. Since 1996, the water-based sol-gel method has attracted much attention to simplify the procedure further and reduce cost and environmental damages. This is a review of water-based and typical solvent-based sol-gel methods, focusing on protective fabric coatings. It discusses the most relevant and recent findings related to the sol-gel method, including its applications, advantages and limitation, and future potential. It describes the effects of using water to replace organic solvents that can influence the characteristics and properties of sol-gel materials. Waterbased sol-gel preparation methods are relatively advanced, and some products are currently on the chemistry and physics are areas that need to be exploited to create new materials that meet the protective fabric criteria.

Automated summary

The sol-gel method, which has been widely used in various applications since the 1960s, continues to attract growing interest. This review focuses on water-based and typical solvent-based sol-gel methods, particularly in the context of protective fabric coatings. The advantages, limitations, and potential future developments of the sol-gel method are discussed, along with the effects of using water instead of organic solvents on the characteristics and properties of sol-gel materials.