Integrated Zeolite Based Carbon Paste Electrode for Sensitive Voltammetric Assay of Ticagrelor

Herein, the construction and the electroanalytical applications of novel ticagrelor (TIC) voltammetric sensors were described. Integration of the working carbon paste electrodes with zeolite nanostructures showed a proper electrocatalytic activity toward oxidation of the TIC molecule. At the optimum measuring conditions, TIC showed an irreversible oxidation peak at 0.954 V with an assumed diffusion-reaction mechanism. Based on the electrochemical behavior at different pH and the scan rate values, the electrode reaction takes place through oxidation of the N Enamine of the ticagrelor moiety with the participation of one electron and one proton in agreement with the molecular orbital calculations. Calibration curves showed improved linearity (r = 0.9998) within the TIC concentration ranging from 8.8 to 1665 ng mL(-1) with LOD and LOQ values of 2.5 and 7.5 ng mL(-1), respectively. The introduced TIC voltammetric sensor exhibited improved performance with high measurement reproducibility and prolonged operational lifetime. The cited ZY/CPEs sensors were capable of simultaneous voltammetric determination of TIC in the existence of its degradation outcomes and expected interferents. The proposed voltammetric approach was suggested for the sensitive determination of ticagrelor in biological fluids and pharmaceutical samples with good recovery values in agreement with the spectrophotometric measurements.

Automated summary

In this study, a novel TIC voltammetric sensor was constructed and its electroanalytical applications were discussed. The sensor, which integrated working carbon paste electrodes with zeolite nanostructures, exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of TIC molecule. Through optimization of the measuring conditions, an irreversible oxidation peak of TIC was observed at 0.954 V. The electrochemical behavior and molecular orbital calculations confirmed the proposed oxidation mechanism. Calibration curves showed good linearity for TIC concentration ranging from 8.8 to 1665 ng mL(-1) with low LOD and LOQ values. The introduced TIC voltammetric sensor demonstrated improved performance in terms of reproducibility and operational lifetime. It could also accurately determine TIC in the presence of degradation outcomes and interferents. The proposed voltammetric approach provided a sensitive and reliable method for the determination of TIC in biological fluids and pharmaceutical samples, in agreement with spectrophotometric measurements.