☆ 4.6 Review

Recent advances in synthesis of heterocyclic Schiff base transition metal complexes and their antimicrobial activities especially antibacterial and antifungal

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2023)

相关参考文献

注意：仅列出部分参考文献，下载原文获取全部文献信息。

Article Chemistry, Physical

Metal incorporated sulfonamides as promising multidrug targets: Combined enzyme inhibitory, antimicrobial, antioxidant and theoretical exploration

Sajjad Hussain Sumrra et al.

Summary: New sulfonamide based ligands were synthesized in this study and their complexes with transition metals were formed. Analysis of their structure and properties revealed potential antibacterial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activities.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

A review on the biomedical efficacy of transition metal triazole compounds

Sajjad Hussain Sumrra et al.

Summary: This review discusses the use of metal-based compounds for inhibiting microbial infections. These compounds show antimicrobial, antifungal, enzyme inhibition and antioxidant activities, making them significant in the field of medicine.

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Review Chemistry, Physical

A critical review on recent trends on pharmacological applications of pyrazolone endowed derivatives

Ghulam Mustafa et al.

Summary: This review article provides an overview of the research progress in the synthesis of pyrazolone compounds, highlighting the remarkable achievements made with the multiple reaction sites of different pyrazolone synthons and the synthetic strategies for existing and novel pyrazolone derivatives. In addition, it discusses the chemical synthetic schemes, important mechanisms, structure activity relationships (SAR), and promising biological investigations related to the corresponding products.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2022)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Facile synthesis, spectroscopic evaluation and antimicrobial screening of metal endowed triazole compounds

Sajjad H. Sumrra et al.

Summary: This study presents the synthesis, structural characterization and biological evaluation of a new triazole Schiff base ligand and its corresponding complexes. The compounds showed promising antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities, indicating their potential as chemical scaffolds in the future against microbial infections.

BIOMETALS (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Iron (III) and zinc (II) monodentate Schiff base metal complexes: Synthesis, characterisation and biological activities

Bushra Naureen et al.

Summary: Schiff bases, known for their diverse pharmacological activities, were complexed with metal ions to form metal complexes, which showed enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities. Metal complexes have the potential to be explored as active pharmaceutical agents.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Ceftriaxone-based Schiff base transition metal(II) complexes. Synthesis, characterization, bacterial toxicity, and DFT calculations. Enhanced antibacterial activity of a novel Zn(II) complex against S. aureus and E. coli

J. R. Anacona et al.

Summary: A ceftriaxone-based Schiff base and its transition metal complexes were synthesized and characterized using various techniques, with one complex showing promising bactericidal activity against S. aureus and E. coli. The new metal complexes exhibited non-toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii, suggesting their potential as antibacterial agents.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Polymer Science

Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of Transition Metals Schiff Base Complexes Derived from 4,6-Diacetylresorcinol and 1,8-Naphthalenediamine

Yasmin M. Ahmed et al.

Summary: A tridentate Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes were prepared and fully characterized, showing different degrees of antimicrobial activities against various bacteria. The complexes were suggested to have an octahedral geometry based on elemental, magnetic susceptibility, and spectroscopic data.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

US FDA Approved Drugs from 2015-June 2020: A Perspective

Priyadeep Bhutani et al.

Summary: This study compiled and analyzed 245 drugs approved by the U.S. FDA from 2015 to June 2020, focusing on cancer, infectious diseases, neurological conditions, and genetic, metabolic, cardiovascular disorders. The analysis also looked at the structural, elemental, and functional group diversity among the approved drugs, as well as drug-likeness for the approved drugs.

JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Polymer complexes. LXXIV. Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity studies of polymer complexes of some transition metals with bis-bidentate Schiff base

S. G. Nozha et al.

Summary: In this study, metal polymer complexes of N,N'-1,4-phenylene have been synthesized and characterized using various analytical techniques. The ligand and polymer complex exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with molecular docking revealing excellent binding with the receptor of Staphylococcus aureus compared to E. coli.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of new cadmium(II) complexes of Schiff bases as alkaline phosphatase inhibitors and their antimicrobial activity

Rana Muhammad Irfan et al.

Summary: The present investigation synthesized four cadmium complexes with Schiff bases and evaluated their pharmacological activities. The complexes showed significant antibacterial potential and inhibition effects on alkaline phosphatase, indicating their potential as antimicrobial agents.

ARABIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Anticancer Dinuclear Palladium(II)-Spermine Complex (Pd(2)Spm) in Mice

Martin Vojtek et al.

Summary: This study assessed the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of a dinuclear palladium(II)-spermine chelate (Pd(2)Spm) in mice, showing promising characteristics for its potential use as an anticancer agent. Palladium exhibited biphasic kinetics in serum, with high tissue distribution including in the kidney, liver, lungs, ovaries, adipose tissue, and mammary glands. These findings suggest Pd(2)Spm may be a promising pharmacological agent for cancer treatment.

PHARMACEUTICALS (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, crystal structure, theoretical calculation, spectroscopic and antibacterial activity studies of copper(II) complexes bearing bidentate schiffbase ligands derived from 4-aminoantipyrine: Influence of substitutions on antibacterial activity

Hadi Kargar et al.

Summary: A series of novel Cu(II) complexes with four bis-N,O-bidentate Schiffbase ligands were synthesized and characterized. The crystal structures of some complexes were determined by single crystal X-ray analysis, confirming the coordination mode. Theoretical calculations and biological activity evaluation showed promising results for potential antimicrobial agents.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Clarithromycin Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Topical Ocular Therapy: Optimization, Evaluation, and In Vivo Studies

Anroop B. Nair et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that optimized solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with clarithromycin can improve ocular drug permeation and enhance the therapeutic potential of the drug, providing a promising drug delivery approach for treating endophthalmitis.

PHARMACEUTICS (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biochemical Characterization, Phytotoxic Effect and Antimicrobial Activity against Some Phytopathogens of New Gemifloxacin Schiff Base Metal Complexes

Amira A. Mohamed et al.

Summary: The study synthesized Fe(III), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Zr(IV) metal complexes using a tetradentate amino Schiff base ligand derived from gemifloxacin, and confirmed their structures through various analyses. The complexes exhibited significant antimicrobial and phytotoxic effects, making them potential candidates for agropharmaceutical industry and herbicides alternatives in crop fields.

CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Computational investigation of molecular structures, spectroscopic properties, cholinesterase inhibition and antibacterial activities of triazole Schiff bases endowed metal chelates

Sajjad Hussain Sumrra et al.

Summary: The aim of this study was to design and synthesize novel bioactive compounds, with the results showing that the synthesized metal complexes exhibited higher activity in enzyme inhibition and antibacterial effects compared to the parent ligands.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and biological applications of some novel Schiff base transition metal (II) complexes derived from curcumin moiety

T. J. Saritha et al.

Summary: Schiff bases are known for their stability in forming complexes with transition metals, and in this study, a novel Schiff-base ligand derived from Curcumin and Semicarbazide (HMHC) and its metal complexes were synthesized and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. The metal complexes showed higher antimicrobial activity than the ligand, with the Zn(II) complex demonstrating the most anti-inflammatory activity.

JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2021)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

In silico and in vitro studies of transition metal complexes derived from curcumin-isoniazid Schiff base

Porkodi Jeyaraman et al.

JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Transition metal complexes of Schiff base ligand based on 4,6-diacetyl resorcinol

Walaa H. Mahmoud et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Synthesis, structural characterization, DNA interaction, antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies of bivalent transition metal complexes of 6-aminobenzothiazole Schiff base

Narendrula Vamsikrishna et al.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Transition metal complexes of novel binuclear Schiff base derived from 3,3′-diaminobenzidine: synthesis, characterization, thermal behavior, DFT, antimicrobial and molecular docking studies

Venkittapuram Palaniswamy Radha et al.

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Polymer Science

Synthesis, Characterization, DFT Studies and Biological Activity of Ru(III), La(III) and Ce(III) Triphenylphosphine Complexes Containing 2-Aminothiazole and 2-Aminotriazole

Satish Naik et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC AND ORGANOMETALLIC POLYMERS AND MATERIALS (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, spectral, DFT calculation, sensor, antimicrobial and DNA binding studies of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) metal complexes with 2-amino benzimidazole Schiff base

R. Kalarani et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Amino Acid Schiff Base Bearing Benzophenone Imine As a Platform for Highly Congested Unnatural α-Amino Acid Synthesis

Yohei Matsumoto et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Schiff Base, 4-Chloro-2-{(E)-[(4-Fluorophenyl)imino]methyl}phenol Metal (II) Complexes

F. K. Ommenya et al.

JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient synthesis, characterization, and in vitro bactericidal studies of unsymmetrically substituted triazole-derived Schiff base ligand and its transition metal complexes

Sajjad H. Sumrra et al.

MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Review Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

REVIEW: Biomedical applications of Schiff base metal complexes

Mohammad Nasir Uddin et al.

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY (2020)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Antibacterial activity of transition metal complexes containing a tridentate NNO phenoxymethylpenicillin-based Schiff base. An anti-MRSA iron (II) complex

Juan Roberto Anacona et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, structural investigations, DFT, molecular docking and antifungal studies of transition metal complexes with benzothiazole based Schiff base ligands

Ranjan K. Mohapatra et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Synthesis, characterization of Schiff base metal complexes and their biological investigation

A. Z. El-Sonbati et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biologically active novel N, N, O donor tridentate water soluble hydrazide based O-carboxymethyl chitosan Schiff base Cu (II) metal complexes: Synthesis and characterisation

Murugaiyan Manimohan et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis of novel Azol-β-lactam derivatives starting from phenyl piperazine and investigation of their antiurease activity and antioxidant capacity comparing with their molecular docking studies

Arif Mermer et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Preparation of a nanoscale dihydromyricetin-phospholipid complex to improve the bioavailability: in vitro and in vivo evaluations

Xinyuan Zhao et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Synthesis, DNA binding and antibacterial activity of metal(II) complexes of a benzimidazole Schiff base

Khalid Mahmood et al.

POLYHEDRON (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Electrochemical behavior, structural, morphological, Calf Thymus-DNA interaction and in-vitro antimicrobial studies of synthesized Schiff base transition metal complexes

A. Palanimurugan et al.

HELIYON (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Quantum chemical elucidation of the turn-on luminescence mechanism in two new Schiff bases as selective chemosensors of Zn2+: synthesis, theory and bioimaging applications

Jessica C. Berrones-Reyes et al.

RSC ADVANCES (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes of 5-aminobenzofuran-2-carboxylate Schiff base ligands

Bhushan Nazirkar et al.

JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE (2019)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Organic

Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of Schiff bases metal complexes

Wail Al Zoubi et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Polymer complexes. LXXI. Spectroscopic studies, thermal properties, DNA binding and antimicrobial activity of polymer complexes

M. A. Diab et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Interaction of Amino Acid Schiff Base Metal Complexes with DNA/BSA Protein and Antibacterial Activity: Spectral Studies, DFT Calculations and Molecular Docking Simulations

M. A. Neelakantan et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Antibacterial activity of transition metal complexes with a tridentate NNO amoxicillin derived Schiff base. Synthesis and characterization

J. R. Anacona et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Metal complexes of novel Schiff base derived from the condensation of 2-quinoline carboxaldehyde and ambroxol drug with some transition metal ions

Walaa H. Mahmoud et al.

APPLIED ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial activity, carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor effects, and computational studies on new Schiff bases of Sulfa drugs and their Pd(II), Cu(II) complexes

Saliha Alyar et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis and characterization of a novel schiff base of 1,2-diaminopropane with substituted salicyaldehyde and its transition metal complexes: Single crystal structures and biological activities

Samina K. Tadavi et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Fe (III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of schiff bases based-on glycine and phenylalanine: Synthesis, magnetic/thermal properties and antimicrobial activity

Fatih Sevgi et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Ferrocenyl chalcone-based Schiff bases and their metal complexes: Highly efficient, solvent-free synthesis, characterization, biological research

Yu-Ting Liu et al.

JOURNAL OF ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Cobalt (II) Complexes with Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Terephthalaldehyde and ortho-Substituted Anilines: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity

Sahar Shaygan et al.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Synthesis, structural studies and antimicrobial activities of manganese, nickel and copper complexes of two new tridentate 2-formylpyridine thiosemicarbazone ligands

Ahmed S. M. Ibrahim et al.

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Bio-important antipyrine derived Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial, anthelmintic and DNA cleavage investigation

M. Manjunath et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, structure, fluorescent property, and antibacterial activity of new Cd(II) metal complex based on multidentate Schiff base ligand N,N′-Bis(3-methoxysalicylidenimino)-1,3-diaminopropane

Dhrubajyoti Majumdar et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Physical

Synthesis, characterization, DFT calculations and biological studies of Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II) and Cd(II) complexes based on a tetradentate ONNO donor Schiff base ligand

Laila H. Abdel-Rahman et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Engineering, Biomedical

Metal-carbenicillin framework-based nanoantibiotics with enhanced penetration and highly efficient inhibition of MRSA

Fei Duan et al.

BIOMATERIALS (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes induce marked ROS accumulation and promote nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in highly resistant breast cancer cells

Angela Sirbu et al.

DALTON TRANSACTIONS (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Studies on Mn(II) and Fe(II) Complexes of N, O Donor Salicyloyl Pyrazole Oxime Schiff Bases

Namdeo T. Dhokale et al.

ORIENTAL JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (2017)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Metal-based ethanolamine-derived compounds: a note on their synthesis, characterization and bioactivity

Muhammad Amjad et al.

JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2016)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear

Two 1-D and 2-D cobalt(II) complexes: synthesis, crystal structures, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties

Lan-Qin Chai et al.

JOURNAL OF COORDINATION CHEMISTRY (2015)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Design, synthesis and in vitro bactericidal/fungicidal screening of some vanadyl(IV)complexes with mono- and di-substituted ONS donor triazoles

Sajjad H. Sumrra et al.

JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2015)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Advances in Research of Schiff-Base Metal Complexes as Potent Antioxidants

Irena Kostova et al.

CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2013)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

QM study and conformational analysis of an isatin Schiff base as a potential cytotoxic agent

Ramin Miri et al.

JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MODELING (2013)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis, physical characterization and antimicrobial activity of trivalent metal Schiff base complexes

Gajendra Kumar et al.

JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2010)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Synthesis, characterization, and thermal and biocidal aspects of drug-based metal complexes

M. N. Patel et al.

PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL (2009)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Hugo (ugo) Schiff, Schiff bases, and a century of beta-lactam synthesis

Thomas T. Tidwell

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2008)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synthesis, characterization and antifungal activity of a series of manganese(II) and copper(II) complexes with ligands derived from reduced N,N '-O-phenylenebis(salicylideneimine)

Sabrina Belaid et al.

JOURNAL OF INORGANIC BIOCHEMISTRY (2008)

添加到收藏夹

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and kinase (CDK-1, CDK-5 and GSK-3) inhibition activity evaluation of benzimidazole/benzoxazole derivatives and some Schiff's bases

Sham M. Sondhi et al.

BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY (2006)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis, catalytic and biological activity of novel dinuclear copper complex with Schiff base

Wei Danyi et al.

SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES B-CHEMISTRY (2006)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Applied

Solubilization of dialdehyde cellulose by hot water

UJ Kim et al.

CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS (2004)

添加到收藏夹

Article Chemistry, Medicinal

Synthesis, antitubercular activity and pharmacokinetic studies of some Schiff bases derived from 1-alkylisatin and isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH)

T Aboul-Fadl et al.

ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH (2003)

添加到收藏夹

Article Microbiology

Comparative evaluation of disk diffusion with microdilution assay in susceptibility testing of caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium isolates

S Arikan et al.

ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY (2002)

添加到收藏夹

Article Microbiology

Evaluation of three techniques for detection of low-level methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA):: a disk diffusion method with cefoxitin and moxalactam, the Vitek 2 system, and the MRSA-screen latex agglutination test

A Felten et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2002)

添加到收藏夹

© Peeref 2019-2024. All rights reserved.