Ultrasonic-microwave synergistic supramolecular solvent liquid-liquid microextraction of trace biogenic amines in fish and beer based on solidification of floating organic droplet

It is important to detect the presence of biogenic amines (BAs) as indicators of food freshness. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel ultrasonic-microwave synergistic supramolecular solvent liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet (UMS-SUPRAS-SFO-LLME) combined with highperformance liquid chromatography for the determination of BAs. The physical properties and microstructure of SUPRAS based on 1-dodecanol and tetrahydrofuran were studied, and the extraction conditions such as the SUPRAS volume, the UMS process, and the centrifugal conditions were optimized. The results for the extraction kinetics and thermodynamics showed that UMS-SUPRAS-SFO-LLME is a spontaneous, endothermic diffusion process. The linear ranges of this method are 0.1-2.0 x 10(5) ng.mL 1 (R-2 > 0.994), the limits of detection are 4.0 x 10(-3)-6.0 x 10(-2) ng.mL(-1), and the recoveries were 96.28-103.15%. Compared with existing analysis methods, UMS-SUPRAS-SFO-LLME is a sensitive, green and economical sample pretreatment method for analyzing the enrichment of BAs in beer and fish.

Automated summary

This study developed a novel ultrasonic-microwave synergistic supramolecular solvent liquid-liquid microextraction method for the determination of biogenic amines in food. The method showed high sensitivity, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness, making it suitable for analyzing the enrichment of biogenic amines in beer and fish.