4.5 Article

Dosage compensation of Z sex chromosome genes in avian fibroblast cells

期刊

GENOME BIOLOGY
卷 24, 期 1, 页码 -

出版社

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03055-z

关键词

Birds; Sex chromosome; Dosage compensation; Sex determination; Fibroblast; CAGE (cap analysis of gene expression); TSS (transcription start site); CASI (cell autonomous sex identity); RPS6 (ribosomal protein S6)

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Sex in birds is genetically determined, but the molecular mechanism behind it is not well-understood. Research shows that most genes on the avian Z sex chromosome are strictly compensated, similar to the mammalian X chromosome. Furthermore, a sex-dimorphic gene called Ribosomal Protein S6 has been identified.
In birds, sex is genetically determined; however, the molecular mechanism is not well-understood. The avian Z sex chromosome (chrZ) lacks whole chromosome inactivation, in contrast to the mammalian chrX. To investigate chrZ dosage compensation and its role in sex specification, we use a highly quantitative method and analyze transcriptional activities of male and female fibroblast cells from seven bird species. Our data indicate that three fourths of chrZ genes are strictly compensated across Aves, similar to mammalian chrX. We also present a complete list of non-compensated chrZ genes and identify Ribosomal Protein S6 (RPS6) as a conserved sex-dimorphic gene in birds.

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