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Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shin-ichiro Fujimoto et al.
Summary: In this study, we investigate the impact of fast neutrino-flavour conversion (FFC) on explosive nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae by including its effects in nucleosynthetic computations. It is found that FFC has little effect on the ejecta compositions for elements lighter than Co, but influences the heavier elements. The role of FFC varies depending on the degree of asymmetric neutrino emission and flavour mixing. Our results suggest that FFC facilitates the production of neutron-rich ejecta in most cases, but may make the ejecta proton-rich if anti-neutrino conversion is more vigorous than neutrino conversion, which can be quantified by simple diagnostics.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lucas Johns
Summary: A long-standing mystery in core-collapse supernova theory is how collective neutrino oscillations affect dynamics. Previous identified flavor instabilities, which may have significant effects, are all collisionless phenomena. However, this study shows that collisional instabilities also exist, associated with asymmetries between neutrino and antineutrino interaction rates. These instabilities may be prevalent deep inside supernovae, presenting an unusual instance of decoherent interactions with a thermal environment causing sustained growth of quantum coherence.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hiroki Nagakura
Summary: Large-scale numerical simulations show that fast neutrino-flavor conversion has a significant impact on the heating mechanism of core-collapse supernova, reducing the neutrino heating in the gain region and increasing the total neutrino luminosity.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Manu George et al.
Summary: This paper introduces the implementation details of the simulation code COSEv, which solves a set of non-linear partial differential equations governing neutrino collective flavor conversions. The paper provides the details of both finite difference method and finite volume method with high-order schemes. Comparison with theoretical solutions ensures the reliability of the code, and analysis of the deviation of conserved quantities characterizes the error accumulation behavior. The code's performance on CPUs and GPUs is reported, and the public version of the COSEv package is available at https://github .com /COSEnu /COSEnu.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jakob Ehring et al.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masamichi Zaizen et al.
Summary: In this study, the physical interpretation of the quasisteady state of fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) is provided based on arguments with stability and conservation laws. The stability is determined by the disappearance of electron neutrino-lepton number-heavy-leptonic one (ELN-XLN) angular crossings, and two conserved quantities characterizing the quasisteady state of FFC are highlighted: lepton number conservation along each neutrino trajectory and conservation law associated with angular moments for each flavor of neutrinos depending on boundary conditions. An analytic prescription that matches the results of nonlinear simulations is presented, representing a major step forward to a unified picture determining asymptotic states of FFCs.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jiabao Liu et al.
Summary: Investigations on the resonance-like phenomenon in the collisional flavor instability (CFI) of neutrinos have been reported. The phenomenon occurs for both isotropy-preserving and isotropy-breaking modes, enhancing the growth rate of CFI. Criteria for the phenomenon, its effect on nonlinear evolution, and the influence of perturbations and anisotropy on the resonance-like structure are discussed. The cohabitation of the resonance-like structure with fast-flavor conversion is also touched upon.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sajad Abbar
Summary: In this study, a machine learning approach is used for the first time to detect fast flavor conversions in dense neutrino gases. The ML algorithms achieve an accuracy of about 95%, which is close to the Bayes error rate of the problem. This approach provides an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate such conversions in simulations on the fly.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masamichi Zaizen et al.
Summary: In this paper, we study fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) in dense neutrino gases in astrophysical sites such as core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and binary neutron star mergers (BNSMs). We find that the asymptotic states of FFC can be characterized by the conservation of lepton number for each flavor of neutrinos and the disappearance of angular crossings in the spatial or time-averaged distributions. These properties of FFCs provide an approximate scheme to determine the survival probability of neutrinos in asymptotic states without solving quantum kinetic equations. The total amount of flavor conversion can also vary with species-dependent neutrino distributions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hiroki Nagakura et al.
Summary: We conducted systematic numerical simulations in spherical symmetry to study fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) with both small-scale and large-scale simulations. Our findings indicate that FFCs can reach a quasisteady state, and the nonlinear phase is determined by the angular structures of the electron neutrino lepton number (ELN) and the heavy neutrino lepton number. We propose a new approximate scheme of FFC based on our simulations, which can be easily incorporated into existing classical neutrino transport codes for studying core-collapse supernova and binary neutron star merger.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yu-Chia Lin et al.
Summary: We investigate collision-induced flavor instability in homogeneous, isotropic, dense neutrino gases with energy-dependent scattering. We find a simple expression for the growth rate of this instability, which depends on collision rates and the lepton number distribution of the neutrinos. The growth rate is independent of neutrino properties such as mass splitting and vacuum-mixing angle, as well as the matter density and neutrino density. Our results suggest that collision-induced flavor conversions can occur deep inside a core-collapse supernova, even when collective flavor oscillations are suppressed.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zewei Xiong et al.
Summary: We develop a neutrino transport model in spherical symmetry to simulate collective neutrino oscillations during core-collapse supernova. Our results confirm the existence of collisional instabilities around the neutrinosphere, which can only be captured by global simulations. The flavor oscillations mainly affect heavy lepton (anti)neutrinos, leaving imprints on their energy spectra.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shashank Shalgar et al.
Summary: In this study, we simulate the scattering of neutrinos onto each other in high-density astrophysical sources for the first time, and find that the interaction between neutrinos leads to a spread of flavor conversion, in addition to the traditional equipartition solution. Therefore, using the crossing of electron neutrino lepton number as a diagnostic tool for flavor transformation in the high-density regime is limited.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Chinami Kato et al.
Summary: In this study, we investigate the effects of neutrino emission and absorption on fast neutrino flavor conversions and collisional flavor instabilities through numerical simulations. The results show that in the early phase, fast neutrino flavor conversions are dominated by fast neutrino flavor conversions, while neutrino emission and absorption significantly impact flavor conversions. In the later phase, the system approaches new asymptotic states characterized by neutrino emission and absorption and collisional flavor instabilities, with energy-dependent structures emerging. Multienergy effects sustain fast neutrino flavor conversions, and the time evolution of flavor conversion becomes energy dependent.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Akira Harada et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of stellar rotation on fast flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae. The study finds that rotation facilitates the occurrence of electron neutrino lepton number crossings, leading to changes in the angular distribution of neutrinos in momentum space.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Capozzi et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the challenging open problem of neutrino flavor conversions in dense astrophysical environments, highlighting its theoretical and phenomenological implications in cosmology and astrophysics. The focus is on three environments: early Universe, core-collapse supernovae, and compact binary mergers.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sajad Abbar et al.
Summary: Neutrinos in dense neutrino media can undergo fast flavor conversions caused by backward scattering off nuclei at relatively large distances. However, these instabilities are unlikely to cause significant flavor conversions if the population of neutrinos in the backward direction is not large enough.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hiroki Nagakura et al.
Summary: In this letter, the authors present large-scale simulations of fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) in spherical symmetry. They use a novel approach to effectively rescale the oscillation scale of FFC and find that FFC reaches a quasisteady state in the nonlinear regime in all models. They also observe that temporal- and spatial variations of FFC are smeared out at large radii due to phase cancellation through neutrino self-interactions. Lastly, they propose a new diagnostic quantity to assess the nonlinear saturation of FFC.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lucas Johns et al.
Summary: The research focuses on flavor instabilities in the neutrino decoupling regions of core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star mergers, with a particular emphasis on collisionally unstable evolution and the nonlinear development of fast oscillations induced by asymmetric scattering rates. Discussions are made on the mechanism of collisional instability caused by unequal neutrino and antineutrino scattering rates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ian Padilla-Gay et al.
Summary: In compact astrophysical objects, neutrino-neutrino refraction can lead to fast flavor conversion, while damped pendular motion reaches an asymptotic level of pair conversion regardless of details, but asymmetry between neutrino and antineutrino damping rates can cause flavor instabilities in systems.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Soumya Bhattacharyya et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the fast collective flavor oscillations of dense clouds of neutrinos and antineutrinos and their effect on flavor depolarization. The study provides an accurate analytical estimate for the lower resting point of the oscillations and explores the relaxation mechanisms that cause the system to settle down. The extent of depolarization, its dependence on momentum and net lepton asymmetry, as well as its generalization to three flavors are also discussed. The paper concludes by prescribing approximate analytical recipes for the depolarized distributions and fluxes, which can be applied in supernova/nucleosynthesis simulations and supernova neutrino phenomenology.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rodrigo Fernandez et al.
Summary: This study examines the impact of fast flavor instability (FFI) on long-term mass ejection from accretion disks formed after neutron star mergers. The simulations show that FFI can alter the average electron fraction of the disk outflow and affect the rate of mass ejection.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sherwood Richers
Summary: Neutrinos can cause rapid flavor changes in supernovae and neutron star mergers, impacting their explosion mechanisms and enrichment of the universe. This study tests various instability tests and finds new methods for predicting instability more accurately.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sherwood Richers et al.
Summary: The fast flavor instability (FFI) is expected to be widespread in core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers, with potential impacts on explosion mechanism, neutrino signals, mass outflows, and nucleosynthesis. Simulating a standardized test problem using five independent codes, we verify the faithful simulation of underlying quantum kinetic equations and quantify the numerical errors in each method, identifying their respective strengths.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Oliver Just et al.
Summary: This study investigates the role of fast neutrino flavor conversion in black hole accretion disks formed in neutron-star mergers or collapsing stars. The results show that fast conversions enhance the cooling rates of the disk, reduce the electron fraction, and increase the production of elements in the rapid neutron-capture process. Additionally, fast conversions prolong the duration of the kilonova event.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Taiki Morinaga
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate the equivalence between the existence of fast neutrino flavor instability and neutrino flavor lepton number (NFLN) crossings, indicating that NFLN angular distribution has both positive and negative signs. Despite its essential role in the flavor evolutions of dense neutrinos, the veracity of this proposition has been uncertain and controversial. This research clarifies that the occurrence of an NFLN crossing is both necessary and sufficient for fast instability.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Soumya Bhattacharyya et al.
Summary: Flavor-dependent neutrino emission is crucial for the evolution of a supernova, as highlighted by the theory of fast flavor depolarization presented in this paper. The study explains how neutrino flavor differences decrease due to diffusion to smaller angular scales and provides a method to compute depolarized fluxes, which can be an important input for supernova theory and neutrino phenomenology.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Physics, Nuclear
Irene Tamborra et al.
Summary: Neutrino-neutrino refraction plays a key role in flavor evolution in core-collapse supernovae, neutron star mergers, and the early Universe. Pairwise neutrino scattering can lead to collective flavor conversions, regulated by the neutrino number density and angular distributions of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos. Fast pairwise conversions, often overlooked, could impact the hydrodynamics of astrophysical sources and the synthesis of heavy elements near the neutrino decoupling region.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE SCIENCE, VOL 71, 2021
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Xinyu Li et al.
Summary: Research suggests that accretion disks formed during neutron star mergers are important sites for rapid neutron-capture nucleosynthesis, potentially leading to red kilonova emissions. The outflows from these disks may contain lanthanide and 3rd-peak r-process abundances similar to solar abundances.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Zewei Xiong et al.
Summary: The paper presents a method to find stationary solutions for fast flavor oscillations of a homogeneous dense neutrino gas, which can account for numerical results of explicit evolution calculations and provide average survival probabilities with the simplest assumption of adiabatic evolution. The paper also discusses the improvement of these solutions and their use as estimates of the effects of fast oscillations in astrophysical environments.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sherwood Richers et al.
Summary: The flavor instabilities of neutrinos can potentially affect core-collapse supernovae and heavy element ejection from neutron star mergers. Analytic methods suggest the presence of fast flavor transformations, with simulations indicating potential instability suppression in the presence of symmetry. Nonetheless, the equilibrium distribution of flavor seems little affected by spatial dimensions, hinting at the robustness of predictions against such variations in simulations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Meng-Ru Wu et al.
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to study fast collective neutrino flavor conversions, revealing the formation of small scale structures due to the interaction of flavor waves under different initial conditions. The results show nearly flavor depolarization in a certain neutrino phase space, providing insights for astrophysical simulations and highlighting the need for better analytical understanding of the evolution of fast flavor conversions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Masamichi Zaizen et al.
Summary: This paper discusses the collective neutrino oscillations and fast flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae due to self-interactions of neutrinos. Numerical computations in the preshock region demonstrate that fast flavor conversion can have a significant impact in this area.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hiroki Nagakura et al.
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence of fast flavor conversion in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) by analyzing electron neutrino lepton number (ELN) crossings in state-of-the-art three-dimensional CCSN models. It is found that fast flavor conversion generally occurs in the postshock region of CCSNe, with explosive models providing more favorable conditions than failed CCSNe. The analysis distinguishes between common and progenitor-dependent characteristics of ELN crossings, and identifies key ingredients driving the flavor conversions in CCSNe dynamics.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hiroki Nagakura et al.
Summary: A new method for searching for ELN crossings in CCSN simulations has been developed, improving accuracy with ray-tracing neutrino transport to efficiently detect appearance/disappearance of crossings, even in forward-peaked angular distributions.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Lucas Johns et al.
Summary: The study focuses on the impact of fast flavor instabilities on supernova and neutron-star-merger neutrinos, aiming to pinpoint when and where these instabilities occur. Although fast instabilities are linked to neutrino angular crossings, simulations often lack momentum-space angular resolution, posing a challenge in effectively utilizing limited angular information.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sajad Abbar et al.
Summary: The study identifies the occurrence of fast neutrino flavor instabilities in core-collapse supernova simulations, highlighting the impact of scattering on these instabilities. It also suggests that the failure to achieve a successful explosion in heavier supernova models may hinder the occurrence of fast instabilities in the post-shock region.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sherwood Richers et al.
Summary: The research focuses on the flavor instabilities of neutrinos in core-collapse supernovae and neutron star merger systems, suggesting that changes in density, flux magnitude, and flux direction of neutrinos and antineutrinos can modify the growth rate and flavor abundances. The study highlights the complexity of neutrino behavior and emphasizes the need for further multidimensional simulations to explore the parameter space of initial conditions.
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