Diverse applications for near infra-red intraoperative imaging

Background Near infra-red angiography using Indocyanine Green (ICG) has increasingly used as a tool for intraoperative diagnostics. Aims The aim of this review is to explore the applications of ICG fluorescence angiography with particular emphasis on general surgical applications. Materials and Methods A literature review was conducted to identify and summarise the diverse range of applications of ICG fluorescence. Results ICG fluorescence angiography is increasingly used in a number of general surgical applications, including identification of colorectal liver metastases, assessment of skin flap perfusion, diagnosis of peritoneal endometriosis, ureteric identification, and localisation of colonic pathology. Discussion ICG fluorescence angiography has clinical application in many areas as a tool for guiding surgical resection. Conclusion With the technological developments in near infra-red imaging it is likely that ICG fluorescence will play an increasing role in many routine surgical procedures.