4.8 Review

A roadmap for achieving scalable, safe, and low-cost direct air carbon capture and storage

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Summary: As carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the atmosphere rise, research societies are developing innovative technologies to address climate change challenges caused by high CO2 levels. Direct air capture (DAC) is a promising solution for CO2 removal, as it is independent of emission origin and can be implemented anywhere. However, the energy requirements for DAC have hindered its commercialization. This study proposes using preexisting heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems to provide the energy needed for CO2 capture.

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Temperature vacuum swing, a combined adsorption cycle for carbon capture

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Summary: This review discusses the development of the adsorptive separation process and focuses on the hybrid temperature vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) process. It highlights the current and potential applications of TVSA for carbon capture, as well as the cycle steps, heating methods, and bed configurations. The review clarifies the benefits and pitfalls of TVSA that are crucial for decision-making in technology development.

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Summary: Direct air capture using solid adsorbents is crucial for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions. Current research mainly focuses on developing new adsorbents, but there is a disconnect between adsorbent design and process performance. This study demonstrates that while CO2 capacity is important for a steam-assisted TVSA process, it does not significantly impact the performance of an amine-functionalised adsorbent in a temperature vacuum swing adsorption process. Factors such as adsorption kinetics, density, and thermal conductivity play a more critical role in energy efficiency and cost reduction. The findings provide guidance for scientists and engineers in improving adsorbent design and intensified DAC processes.

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Summary: This work investigates the performance variations of direct air capture (DAC) plants based on solid sorbents under different ambient conditions and explores the optimal design and operation strategies. The study finds that capturing costs are lower and CO2 productivity is higher in cold and humid conditions. Flexibly adjusting operating variables and adopting buffer storage tanks can improve the performance of DAC.

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Keju An et al.

Summary: This paper investigated the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the performance of liquid-solvent based DAC systems. It was found that high CO2 capture rates can only be achieved in hot and humid climate conditions, and the capture rate decreases dramatically at lower temperatures. Additionally, CO2 capture efficiency is relatively insensitive to climate conditions, while the cost of natural gas standalone scenarios is more sensitive to temperature.

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