期刊
JOURNAL OF BIOMIMETICS BIOMATERIALS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
卷 61, 期 -, 页码 71-76出版社
TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD
DOI: 10.4028/p-RNTv04
关键词
bifunctional catalyst; carbon cryogel; Bronsted-Lowry acid sites; Lewis acid sites
The integration of phosphotungstic acid and niobium oxide creates a bifunctional catalyst for efficient conversion of biomass to levulinic acid. Incorporating the catalyst into a carbon cryogel enhances its durability and ability to be recycled.
The integration of phosphotungstic acid and niobium oxide forms a bifunctional catalyst that demonstrates an interplay between Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acid which is able to provide a synergistic effect for the conversion of biomass to LA. This bifunctional acid catalyst shows a higher yield of levulinic acid (LA) (16.4%) as compared to that of sole phosphotungstic acid (10.5%) or niobium oxide (13.2%), presumably caused by a higher selectivity at the tandem steps of the conversion reaction. The bifunctional catalyst was then doped to a lignin-derived carbon cryogel to mitigate the deactivation and leaching of the catalysts. The durability and thermal stability of the carbon cryogel allow the catalyst to recycle up to 3 times while retaining similar performance.
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