Altered plasma metabolites and inflammatory networks in HIV-1 infected patients with different immunological responses after long-term antiretroviral therapy

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Cardiovascular risk of metabolically healthy obesity in two european populations: Prevention potential from a metabolomic study

Dongmei Wei et al.

Summary: A new definition of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been proposed to stratify the mortality risk of obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the association between MHO and cardiovascular events and assess its metabolomic pattern.

CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Immune restoration affects 10-year survival in people living with HIV/AIDS

Bogusz Jan Aksak-Was et al.

Summary: The use of antiretroviral treatment has reduced the life expectancy gap between people living with HIV (PLWH) and the general population. Immune restoration is a powerful factor in improving the survival of PLWH, regardless of the speed of recovery.

HIV MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Microbiology

Glycogen-Degrading Activities of Catalytic Domains of α-Amylase and α-Amylase-Pullulanase Enzymes Conserved in Gardnerella spp. from the Vaginal Microbiome

Pashupati Bhandari et al.

Summary: Gardnerella spp. are able to produce enzymes that can digest glycogen, which serves as a food source for vaginal bacteria. This study provides insights into the enzyme activity of Gardnerella spp.

JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY (2023)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Hepatic triglyceride content is intricately associated with numerous metabolites and biochemical pathways

Tariq O. Faquih et al.

Summary: This study identified extensive associations between branched chain amino acids and lipid pathways with hepatic triglyceride content and the FIB-4 index through network and pathway analyses. Additionally, a novel pathway, glutamate-metabolonic lactone sulphate-X-15245, was discovered with a potential strong association with hepatic triglyceride content.

LIVER INTERNATIONAL (2023)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Metabolomic investigation of urinary extracellular vesicles for early detection and screening of lung cancer

Qinsi Yang et al.

Summary: Lung cancer is commonly diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to poor prognosis. However, recent evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may serve as potential biomarkers for early cancer detection. In this study, we analyzed the metabolomic signatures of urinary EVs in lung cancer patients and identified a marker panel with a diagnostic potency of 96% for the testing cohort and 84% for the validation set. These findings suggest that metabolomic analysis of urinary EVs could provide non-invasive markers for lung cancer diagnostics and improve patient outcomes.

JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY (2023)

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Article Immunology

HIV infection drives pro-inflammatory immunothrombotic pathway activation and organ dysfunction among adults with sepsis in Uganda

Matthew J. Cummings et al.

Summary: This study investigated the influence of HIV infection on the immunopathology and organ dysfunction of patients hospitalized with suspected sepsis in Uganda. The results showed that HIV-infected patients presented with more severe physiological disturbances and shock, and had a higher mortality rate at 30 days. Furthermore, HIV-infected patients exhibited exaggerated activation of multiple immune and thrombotic metabolic pathways. This study revealed the specific circumstances of HIV-infected patients in the pathogenesis of sepsis, providing important information for further research and treatment.

AIDS (2023)

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Article Microbiology

Transport and Utilization of Glycogen Breakdown Products by Gardnerella spp. from the Human Vaginal Microbiome

Pashupati Bhandari et al.

Summary: Increased abundance of Gardnerella spp. is a diagnostic characteristic of bacterial vaginosis, an imbalance in the human vaginal microbiome associated with troubling symptoms and negative reproductive health outcomes. Competition for nutrients is likely an important factor in causing dramatic shifts in the vaginal microbial community.

MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Longitudinal analysis of new-onset non-AIDS-defining diseases among people living with HIV: A real-world observational study

Yujiao Duan et al.

Summary: New-onset diabetes, dyslipidemia, liver injury, and renal injury are common clinical outcomes in people living with HIV during antiretroviral therapy. Regular monitoring of blood glucose, lipid, liver function, and renal function is necessary, especially in high-risk patients.

HIV MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Virology

Differences in Expression of Selected Interleukins in HIV-Infected Subjects Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Beata Szymanska et al.

Summary: This study aimed to examine the effect of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) on the expression of select cytokines in HIV-infected individuals. The results showed that cART significantly decreased IL-7 levels and increased IL-15 levels in HIV-infected men. Further research in this area may help confirm the role of these cytokines in the disease.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Integrated Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Reveals Cross-Cohort Gut Microbial Signatures and Associated Serum Metabolites

Renyuan Gao et al.

Summary: This study identified microbial and metabolic signatures of colorectal cancer (CRC) with broad population relevance, developed a diagnostic panel for CRC and adenoma, and linked many CRC-associated metabolites with gut microbiome signatures of the disease, providing new insights for exploring CRC-related features.

GASTROENTEROLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Metabolism-dependent ferroptosis promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in CD4+ T lymphocytes in HIV-infected immune non-responders

Qing Xiao et al.

Summary: This study found that CD4 cells in INRs exhibited decreased recent thymic emigrants, over-activation and over-proliferation phenotypes, diminished killing function, decreased IL-7R, and more severe inflammation. Increased lipid peroxidation in the mitochondria and disruptions of the mitochondrial structure, indicative of ferroptosis, were observed. Ferroptosis inhibitors reduced inflammation and repaired mitochondrial damage. ELISA results showed increased plasma free fatty acids and an imbalance of oxidative and antioxidant systems in INRs. Flow cytometry results demonstrated alterations in transferrin receptor and lipid transporter expressions on CD4 cells. Mechanistically, CD36 expression was strongly correlated with mitochondrial lipid peroxidation production, ferroptosis markers, and inflammation indicators; CD98 was more related to killing functions; and CD71 was closely related to activation status in CD4 cells.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

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Article Virology

Immunometabolic Reprogramming in Response to HIV Infection Is Not Fully Normalized by Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy

Pragney Deme et al.

Summary: HIV infection leads to immunometabolic reprogramming and the utilization of alternative energetic substrates. Antiretroviral therapy alone cannot fully restore the metabolic reprogramming caused by HIV infection, which may contribute to chronic immune activation and comorbid conditions in virally suppressed individuals.

VIRUSES-BASEL (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Analytical

Metabolic profiling of HIV infected individuals on an AZT-based antiretroviral treatment regimen reveals persistent oxidative stress

Lungile Sitole et al.

Summary: This study used a metabonomic approach to investigate metabolic changes in individuals with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy. Significant differences were found in metabolites related to glutamine, glutamate, glutathione, glucose, and arginine between the treated group and the untreated group.

JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS (2022)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Study on plasma metabolomics for HIV/AIDS patients treated by HAART based on LC/MS-MS

Donghui Lao et al.

Summary: By applying metabolomics, potential biomarkers for AIDS patients have been identified and verified, suggesting their potential role in the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS.

FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Distinct metabolic biomarkers to distinguish IgG4-related disease from Sjogren's syndrome and pancreatic cancer and predict disease prognosis

Songxin Yan et al.

Summary: This study explored the metabolite changes and potential biomarkers of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and other misdiagnosed diseases. The findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD and have significance in the clinical diagnosis and disease prognosis.

BMC MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

Metagenomic and metabolomic remodeling in nonagenarians and centenarians and its association with genetic and socioeconomic factors

Qian Xu et al.

Summary: A comparison of the gut microbiome and blood metabolome between long-lived individuals and their children reveals extensive remodeling in advanced age and a generational divergence in correlations with socioeconomic factors. Genetic associations with metagenomic and metabolomic features are largely generation-specific, but cross-generational associations are found for plasma metabolic quantitative traits.

NATURE AGING (2022)

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Article Spectroscopy

Raman-based metabonomics unravels metabolic changes related to a first-line tenofovir-based treatment in a small cohort of South African HIV-infected patients

Zikhona Gabazana et al.

Summary: HIV infection can lead to metabolic disorders, with current clinical markers being limited and unreliable. This study used Raman spectroscopy to analyze metabolic changes in plasma of different HIV treatment groups and controls, identifying significant differences and altered metabolites. The study highlights the potential of Raman spectroscopy in distinguishing metabolic effects of HIV therapy.

SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The accumulation of plasma acylcarnitines are associated with poor immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals

Shi Qian et al.

Summary: Study found that high levels of lipid metabolites, myristoylcarnitine, palmitoylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine, and oleoylcarnitine, are associated with poor immune recovery in HIV-infected individuals receiving ART, providing potential new insights into immune recovery mechanisms.

BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Salivary metabolites associated with a 5-year tooth loss identified in a population-based setting

Leonie Andorfer et al.

Summary: This study identified associations between specific metabolites in saliva and oral health variables, as well as future tooth loss. Two metabolites, 2-pyrrolidineacetic acid and butyrylputrescine, were consistently associated with oral dysbiosis. Other metabolites were linked to tissue destruction and cell proliferation, providing potential insights into the mechanisms underlying periodontitis and tooth loss.

BMC MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Comprehensive metabolomics profiling reveals common metabolic alterations underlying the four major non-communicable diseases in treated HIV infection

Yingying Ding et al.

Summary: HIV infection and NCDs are connected through metabolic disturbances, with GPL metabolism being the common link between HIV and NCDs, followed by glutamine and glutamate metabolism.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology