Current status and challenges in the application of microbial PHA particles

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are diversiform biopolyesters with a similar structure and different side chain groups, synthesized by a variety of microorganism. Due to their excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility, PHAs have been used for many applications, including medical implants, antibacterial agents and bioengineering. Nano-architecture is an emerging area for the use of PHAs. This review summarizes the current status and challenges of PHAs-based particles on the micro-and nano-scale, including their production, degradation, biological safety, and surface functionalization. We also focus on the applications of PHA particles in drug delivery systems, environment protection, tissue engi-neering, vaccine engineering, food science, biotechnology and cosmetics. Finally, the future development trends of PHAs-based particles are prospected.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Automated summary

This article summarizes the current status and challenges of PHAs-based particles on the micro-and nano-scale, including their production, degradation, biological safety, and surface functionalization. The applications of PHA particles in drug delivery systems, environment protection, tissue engineering, vaccine engineering, food science, biotechnology, and cosmetics are discussed. Finally, the future development trends of PHAs-based particles are prospected.