Hydro-bio-geo-socio-chemical interactions and the sustainability of residential landscapes

Residential landscapes are essential to the sustainability of large areas of the United States. However, spatial and temporal variation across multiple domains complicates developing policies to balance these systems' environmental, economic, and equity dimensions. We conducted multidisciplinary studies in the Baltimore, MD, USA, metropolitan area to identify locations (hotspots) or times (hot moments) with a disproportionate influence on nitrogen export, a widespread environmental concern. Results showed high variation in the inherent vulnerability/sensitivity of individual parcels to cause environmental damage and in the knowledge and practices of individual managers. To the extent that hotspots are the result of management choices by homeowners, there are straightforward approaches to improve outcomes, e.g. fertilizer restrictions and incentives to reduce fertilizer use. If, however, hotspots arise from the configuration and inherent characteristics of parcels and neighborhoods, efforts to improve outcomes may involve more intensive and complex interventions, such as conversion to alternative ecosystem types.

Automated summary

Residential landscapes are crucial for the sustainability of large areas in the US, but their balance is complicated by spatial and temporal variations across multiple domains. A multidisciplinary study in Baltimore, MD, USA, revealed variations in the vulnerability of individual parcels to cause environmental damage and in the practices of managers. Improvement strategies depend on whether hotspots are caused by homeowners' choices or the characteristics of parcels and neighborhoods.