Impact of climate change and anthropogenic activities on aquatic ecosystem - A review

All living things depend on their natural environment, either directly or indirectly, for their high quality of life, growth, nutrition, and development. Due to the fast emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), the Earth's climate system is being negatively impacted by global warming. Stresses caused by climate change, such as rising and hotter seas, increased droughts and floods, and acrid waters, threaten the world's most populated areas and aquatic ecosystems. As a result, the aquatic ecosystems of the globe are quickly reaching hazardous conditions. Marine ecosystems are essential parts of the world's environment and provide several benefits to the human population, such as water for drinking and irrigation, leisure activities, and habitat for commercially significant fisheries. Although local human activities have influenced coastal zones for millennia, it is still unclear how these impacts and stresses from climate change may combine to endanger coastal ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that rising levels of greenhouse gases are causing ocean systems to experience conditions not seen in several million years, which may cause profound and irreversible ecological shifts. Ocean productivity has declined, food web dynamics have changed, habitat-forming species are less common, species ranges have changed, and disease prevalence has increased due to human climate change. We provide an outline of the interaction between global warming and the influence of humans along the coastline. This review aims to demonstrate the significance of long-term monitoring, the creation of ecological indicators, and the applications of understanding how aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem functioning respond to global warming. This review discusses the effects of current climate change on marine biological processes both now and in the future, describes present climate change concerning historical change, and considers the potential roles aquatic systems could play in mitigating the effects of global climate change.

Automated summary

All living things depend on their natural environment for various aspects of life and development. However, due to excessive greenhouse gas emissions, the Earth's climate system is experiencing negative impacts from global warming. Climate change-induced stresses, such as rising sea levels, hotter oceans, increased droughts and floods, and deteriorating water quality, pose threats to heavily populated areas and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. As a result, global aquatic ecosystems are rapidly deteriorating. This review explores the interaction between global warming and human influences along coastlines, highlighting the importance of long-term monitoring, ecological indicators, and understanding biodiversity and ecosystem responses to climate change. The implications of current climate change on marine biological processes, including historical changes and potential roles of aquatic systems in mitigating climate change effects, are discussed.