4.8 Review

Designing biodegradable alternatives to commodity polymers

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Article Thermodynamics

Effect of Polymeric Additives on Ignition, Combustion and Flame Characteristics and Soot Deposits of Crude Oil Droplets

Gurjap Singh et al.

Summary: The present study investigates the effect of polybutadiene polymer on the combustion properties and soot deposits of Bakken crude oil. The results show that both the polymer chain length and the origin of crude oil significantly influence combustion properties and soot deposit structure.

COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2023)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Efficient polyethylene terephthalate degradation at moderate temperature: a protein engineering study of LC-cutinase highlights the key role of residue 243

Valentina Pirillo et al.

Summary: Improved variants of PET-hydrolysing enzymes were generated by protein engineering. The F243T variant partially depolymerized PET film, while the S101N/F243T double variant showed higher activity. The highest conversion yield for both variants was obtained at 55°C. The S101N/F243T variant is capable of fully depolymerizing untreated postconsumer PET waste within 3 days at 55°C, making it a more ecofriendly and sustainable process.

FEBS JOURNAL (2023)

Review Microbiology

Understanding challenges associated with plastic and bacterial approach toward plastic degradation

Hemlata Sharma et al.

Summary: Plastic is widely used due to its stability, durability, and low cost. However, this has led to the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment, causing pollution. Bacterial degradation is the most effective technique to address this issue, breaking down plastic into microbial biomass and gases.

JOURNAL OF BASIC MICROBIOLOGY (2023)

Article Engineering, Environmental

The plastisphere of biodegradable and conventional microplastics from residues exhibit distinct microbial structure, network and function in plastic-mulching farmland

Kang Li et al.

Summary: The inhomogeneity of plastisphere and soil can lead to different microbial communities, potentially impacting soil functions. Biodegradable plastics show differences in bacterial communities compared to traditional plastics. PBAT/PLA microplastics act as a filter, enriching taxa capable of degrading plastic polymers. Predicted metabolic pathways related to human diseases, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism are promoted in PBAT/PLA plastisphere, along with an increase in genes associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2023)

Review Polymer Science

Boosting Degradation of Biodegradable Polymers

Anibal Bher et al.

Summary: Biodegradation of polymers in composting conditions is a potential solution for contaminated materials that cannot be recycled through mechanical or chemical methods. This review discusses different methods, both abiotic and biotic, to accelerate the biodegradation process by modifying the properties/structure of polymers and the compost environment. These methods can facilitate the evaluation and selection of compostable polymer alternatives and inform faster methods for biodegrading these polymers.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Review Environmental Sciences

Microplastic diagnostics in humans: The 3Ps Progress, problems, and prospects

Gurusamy Kutralam-Muniasamy et al.

Summary: This article conducts a systematic review on microplastics in human biological samples, exploring their objectives, current efforts, and key findings. It analyzes research approaches from sampling to detection to quantification of microplastics, provides an overview of their occurrence and characteristics in the human body, and discusses contamination control procedures and prevention measures. The article also offers guidelines on current microplastic research strategies and highlights future directions.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Water soluble polymer biodegradation evaluation using standard and experimental methods

Jennifer Menzies et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the biodegradability of multiple PEG, PVOH, and CMC polymers. The results showed that all PEGs and PVOHs completely mineralized in the tests, while CMC degradation was influenced by its degree of substitution. In addition, higher inoculum to test chemical ratios resulted in increased rates of biodegradation. Variability was observed in the presence of competent degraders in river water samples, indicating the need for further research to develop a standardized test method.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2023)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Set of Small Molecule Polyurethane (PU) Model Substrates: Ecotoxicity Evaluation and Identification of PU Degrading Biocatalysts

Brana Pantelic et al.

Summary: Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely used plastic polymers in various industries, but their accumulation as waste and the associated environmental impacts have raised concerns. This study synthesized and characterized synthetic compounds representing partial PU hydrolysis products to assess their toxicity and suitability for identifying biocatalysts for PU biodegradation. The compounds showed low in vitro cytotoxicity and low toxic effects on the nematode C. elegans. Two compounds exhibited moderate aquatic ecotoxicity. They were also used to study the cleaving preference of known plastic-degrading enzymes and to identify a novel PU-degrading biocatalyst, Amycolatopsis mediterranei ISP5501. This study highlights the potential of biotechnological processes for PU waste treatment.

CATALYSTS (2023)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Association of Laccase from Bacillus cereus O2-B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa O1-P with the bio-degradation of polymers: an in vitro to in silico approach

M. Shafana Farveen et al.

Summary: Plastic accumulation has become a serious environmental threat, and the microbial degradation of polyethylene has shown promise in mitigating this issue. In this study, microbes capable of degrading polyethylene were isolated and their degradation capabilities were correlated with the oxidase enzyme laccase. Instrumental analyses confirmed the steady degradation process of polyethylene by the isolated microbes. Additionally, in silico studies revealed that laccase has the potential to degrade a wide range of polymers.

BIODEGRADATION (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polymers without Petrochemicals: Sustainable Routes to Conventional Monomers

Graham Hayes et al.

Summary: The increased demand for plastic materials and the development of high-throughput production systems have rationalized access to a wide range of plastic materials. Developing a fully sustainable new plastic material is a costly and long process. Therefore, producing common plastic materials with the same chemical structures reflects the reality of addressing the future of sustainable plastics.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2023)

Review Environmental Sciences

Microplastic/nanoplastic toxicity in plants: an imminent concern

Tapati Roy et al.

Summary: The toxic impact of microplastics/nanoplastics in plants and the food chain is a major concern. While there has been significant research on their effects in aquatic ecosystems, their impact in terrestrial ecosystems is not well understood. Studies have shown that microplastics/nanoplastics can alter plant morphology, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics to varying degrees. However, there is a research gap in understanding how microplastics/nanoplastics enter plants, factors influencing their phytotoxicity levels, and potential strategies for remediation in terms of food safety and security. This review provides an overview of the routes of accumulation and transmission of microplastics/nanoplastics in plant tissues, factors influencing plant stress, and potential solutions to improve food quality and quantity.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Exposure to polylactic acid induces oxidative stress and reduces the ceramide levels in larvae of greater wax moth (Galleria mellonella)

Rohan Shah et al.

Summary: Insect biodegradation of plastics has shown significant progress, providing new possibilities for plastic waste treatment. This study focused on the metabolism of greater wax moth larvae fed on polylactic acid plastic (PLA) blocks. The results revealed metabolic disturbances and oxidative stress in the larvae due to PLA ingestion.

ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH (2023)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Microbial Enzyme Biotechnology to Reach Plastic Waste Circularity: Current Status, Problems and Perspectives

Marco Orlando et al.

Summary: The accumulation of synthetic plastic waste in the environment has raised global concerns. Microbial enzymes offer promising biotechnological tools for plastic recycling, but their effectiveness depends on waste management practices. This review highlights the potential of biotechnology in plastic bio-recycling within the European waste management framework. Current biotechnology tools can support polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling, but other unrecycled plastics, such as polyurethanes and polyolefins, require further research and optimization of chemoenzymatic technologies. New bio-based technologies with lower environmental impacts should also be developed to efficiently depolymerize both existing and new plastic materials.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2023)

Article Environmental Sciences

Bacterial degradation kinetics of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) film by Aquabacterium sp. CY2-9 isolated from plastic-contaminated landfill

Younggun Yoon et al.

Summary: Despite the existence of numerous bioplastic-degrading bacteria, the inconsistent rate of bioplastic degradation under different cultivation conditions limits the comparison of degradation kinetics. In this study, a PCL-degrading bacterium was isolated from a plastic-contaminated landfill and its degradation kinetics were determined in a confined model system. The findings are important for measuring and predicting the degradation rates of PCL films by microorganisms in natural environments.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2023)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Solving the plastic dilemma: the fungal and bacterial biodegradability of polyurethanes

Parth Bhavsar et al.

Summary: Polyurethane (PU), a plastic polymer widely used in various fields, generates a significant amount of waste annually and poses a threat to the environment. Conventional disposal techniques have drawbacks, necessitating a greener alternative like biodegradation. However, challenges like efficiency and different chemical structures of waste plastics need to be addressed. This review focuses on PU and its biodegradation, discussing the difficulty of degrading different versions of the material and strategies for achieving more efficient degradation.

WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Complete bio-degradation of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) via engineered cutinases

Yu Yang et al.

Summary: The researchers demonstrate that cutinases are highly potent enzymes that can completely decompose PBAT films in 48 hours. By applying a double mutation strategy, the engineered cutinases exhibit higher decomposition rates and produce TPA as a major end-product, which is beneficial for the future recycling economy. The crystal structures of wild type and double mutation of a cutinase from Thermobifida fusca are solved, elucidating their substrate-binding modes and proposing the mechanism of cutinase-mediated PBAT degradation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2023)

Article Polymer Science

Computational Exploration of Bio-Degradation Patterns of Various Plastic Types

Sunny Malik et al.

Summary: Plastic materials are difficult to degrade in the open environment, leading to the infiltration of plastic wastes into natural resources. The current disposal methods are inefficient, and recycling is challenging due to the mixed composition of plastic waste. This research analyzed previously published reports on the biodegradation of different plastic types and found that microbial degradation patterns follow the chemical classification of plastic types. The study suggests potential genera for the bioremediation of mixed plastic waste.

POLYMERS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Synthesis of Modified Poly(vinyl Alcohol)s and Their Degradation Using an Enzymatic Cascade

Gerlis von Haugwitz et al.

Summary: Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble synthetic vinyl polymer with remarkable physical properties. However, its biodegradability is low and existing degradation methods have disadvantages. In this study, a modified PVA film and a PQQ-independent enzymatic cascade for the degradation of PVA are presented, which can be suitable for industrial applications.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2023)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biobased 2,5-Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan as a Versatile Building Block for Sustainable Polymeric Materials

Cornelis Post et al.

Summary: Furanic polymers, such as PEF, have great potential to replace fossil-based polymers. While FDCA-based polymers have been extensively studied, BHMF, a biobased chemical derived from renewable sources, has received relatively little attention.

ACS OMEGA (2023)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Engineering Microorganisms to Produce Bio-Based Monomers: Progress and Challenges

Chenghu Chen et al.

Summary: Bioplastics are polymers made from renewable bio-based materials. However, their economic feasibility in comparison to petroleum-derived methods is still not satisfactory, despite decades of research on producing bio-based monomers in microbes. This review summarizes three main strategies to improve the overall synthetic efficiency of microbial cell factories: improving microbial utilization of affordable substrates, enhancing production performance at the enzyme, pathway, and cellular levels, and developing technologies to increase microbial stress tolerance. The challenges and future perspectives of using microorganisms as efficient cell factories for bio-based monomer production are also discussed.

FERMENTATION-BASEL (2023)

Review Environmental Sciences

Biodegradability and ecotoxicity of polyurethane foams: A review

Katerina Sklenickova et al.

Summary: Polyurethane foams are highly demanded in various applications and it is important to study their environmental degradation and ecotoxicity. This review provides an overview of the environmental degradation of polyurethane foams, with a focus on their biodegradation behavior and ecotoxicity.

CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Review Agricultural Engineering

Synthesis of Bio-based monomers and polymers using microbes for a sustainable bioeconomy

Sourbh Thakur et al.

Summary: Renewable biomass-based chemical extraction has gained attention due to environmental concerns and depletion of biomass assets. Bio-based chemicals provide opportunities for sustainable development of non-toxic, biodegradable, and biocompatible products, particularly in biomedical applications. Researchers are focused on developing innovative technologies with social benefits utilizing renewable feedstock bio-resources through microbial fermentation.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Biodegradation of microplastics: Better late than never

Saba Miri et al.

Summary: Plastic use is expanding, especially in the form of microplastics, which are posing a global threat to ecosystems and human health. Current research focuses on biotechnological methods for removing microplastics, but further studies are needed to develop more effective strategies.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

A Critical Review of the Performance and Soil Biodegradability Profiles of Biobased Natural and Chemically Synthesized Polymers in Industrial Applications

Preeti Tyagi et al.

Summary: This review explores biobased polymers for industrial applications, their end fate, and most importantly, origin and key aspects enabling soil biodegradation. The physicochemical properties of biobased synthetic and natural polymers and the primary factors governing degradation are explored. Factors impacting ultraviolet (UV) stability of biopolymers have been described including methods to enhance photoresistance and impact on biodegradation. It discusses end-fate of biopolymers in soil and impact of residues on soil health. A limited number of studies examine side effects (e.g., microbial toxicity) from soil biodegradation of composites and biopolymers. Currently available standards for biodegradation and composting have been described with limitations and scope for improvements. Finally, design considerations and implications for sustainable polymers used, under consideration, and to be considered within the context of a rational biodegradable strategy are elaborated.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Plastic biodegradation: Do Galleria mellonella Larvae Bioassimilate Polyethylene? A Spectral Histology Approach Using Isotopic Labeling and Infrared Microspectroscopy

Agnes Rejasse et al.

Summary: The larvae of Greater Wax Moth, Galleria mellonella, can partially degrade polyethylene (PE) plastics but cannot fully metabolize them.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Natural Polymers-Based Materials: A Contribution to a Greener Future

Ana C. Q. Silva et al.

Summary: This review highlights the research efforts conducted by the BioPol4fun research team at the CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, on the exploitation of natural polymers and their derivatives for the development of sustainable biobased materials. The focus is on the use of polysaccharides and proteins for various applications.

MOLECULES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Plastics degradation by hydrolytic enzymes: The plastics-active enzymes database-PAZy

Patrick C. F. Buchholz et al.

Summary: This article summarizes the current known enzymes that act on PET and PUR plastics, and integrates their activity data into a comprehensive database. Through analysis of homologs and conservation, common features of these active enzymes are identified.

PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

A critical review of household recycling barriers in the United Kingdom

Saeed Oluwadipe et al.

Summary: The recycling rate in the UK has consistently fallen below the set target of 65%, mainly due to factors such as waste policy constraints, lack of effective communication, public engagement, physical barriers, and service constraints. Therefore, a multi-dimensional intervention is required, which includes a thorough review of waste policy, stricter enforcement, improved communication strategy, and more integrated planning development policy to increase the recycling rate.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Comparative Study of the Performance for Predicting Biodegradability Classification: The Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model vs the Graph Convolutional Network

Myeonghun Lee et al.

Summary: The prediction and evaluation of the biodegradability of molecules with computational methods are increasingly important. The graph convolutional network (GCN) method can be used to predict the biodegradation of chemicals in a simpler and more stable way, without the need for specific descriptors or fingerprints.

ACS OMEGA (2022)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Strategies applied to modify structured and smooth surfaces: A step closer to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation

A. Uneputty et al.

Summary: This review presents various promising strategies to prevent bacterial contamination of surfaces, including anti-adhesive, contact active, biocide attached/biocide release, and topographical modification approaches. These methods can effectively reduce bacterial adhesion and contamination of surfaces.

COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Chemical Recycling of Poly(Cyclohexene Carbonate) Using a Di-MgII Catalyst

Frances N. Singer et al.

Summary: A catalyzed chemical recycling method for the widely investigated polymer poly(cyclohexene carbonate) is reported, which can convert it into useful monomers. The method exhibits high selectivity and activity, and achieves depolymerization through chain-end catalysis.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Can polymer-degrading microorganisms solve the bottleneck of plastics' environmental challenges?

Nasser Delangiz et al.

Summary: The increasing world population and industrial activities have led to a rise in anthropogenic pollution, with plastic pollution being particularly concerning. Recycling and biodegradation of plastics are necessary steps to address this issue. While chemical and physical remediation methods are costly and environmentally unfriendly, bioremediation offers a cost-efficient and eco-friendly alternative. As plastic production and consumption continue to increase, it is crucial to explore efficient microorganisms and enhance knowledge about their biology to develop effective plastic bioremediation processes. Omics, systems biology, and bioinformatics play key roles in analyzing biodegradation pathways in microorganisms, ultimately enabling the engineering of microorganisms with desired properties for more efficient bioremediation.

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Discovery and quantification of plastic particle pollution in human blood

Heather A. Leslie et al.

Summary: Plastic particles are widespread pollutants in the environment and food chain, and this study successfully developed a method to measure the presence of plastic particles in human blood. The study found four high production volume polymers in blood samples and demonstrated that plastic particles can be taken up by the human bloodstream.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Accumulation of polystyrene microplastics induces liver fibrosis by activating cGAS/STING pathway

Rong Shen et al.

Summary: This study provides valuable insights into the potential risk and mechanism of hepatic toxicity and fibrosis induced by microplastics. It demonstrates that even at low concentrations, microplastics can enter hepatocytes and cause liver damage. Microplastic exposure results in DNA damage and inflammation, leading to liver fibrosis. Moreover, inhibiting the relevant signaling pathway can alleviate liver fibrosis.

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Methodology to address potential impacts of plastic emissions in life cycle assessment

Daniel Maga et al.

Summary: This study proposes a method for assessing the risks of plastic emissions by quantifying plastic pollution equivalents using characterization factors based on the persistence of plastics in the environment. The results include degradation measurements, redistribution patterns, and an uncertainty analysis of the suggested characterization factors.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Reversing RAFT Polymerization: Near-Quantitative Monomer Generation Via a Catalyst-Free Depolymerization Approach

Hyun Suk Wang et al.

Summary: Researchers reported an efficient, catalyst-free depolymerization method for polymers made by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, with up to 92% yield. Their approach exploited the high end-group fidelity of RAFT polymers to generate chain-end radicals triggering rapid unzipping, enabling reconstruction of linear polymers or creation of new insoluble gels.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2022)

Article Polymer Science

Synthesis and Biodegradation Studies of Low-Dispersity Poly(acrylic acid)

Stephanie M. Barbon et al.

Summary: This study investigates the biodegradability of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with different molecular weights. The results show that high molecular weight PAA has poor biodegradability, while low molecular weight PAA has better biodegradability. These findings contribute to understanding the degradation mechanisms of linear PAA and inspire the design of biodegradable PAA-containing materials.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

A review of bioplastics at end-of-life: Linking experimental biodegradation studies and life cycle impact assessments

Elisabeth C. A. Van Roijen et al.

Summary: This review examines the life cycle assessments and biodegradation studies of common bioplastics. The excessive production and disposal of plastics, fueled by a growing single-use consumer base, have led to substantial environmental impacts. The study highlights the limited understanding of waste management practices for bioplastics and identifies research gaps and sources of uncertainty. The findings underscore the need for further research on the potential circularity of these bioplastics.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2022)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Bio-based polymers with performance-advantaged properties

Robin M. Cywar et al.

Summary: Selective transformations of bio-based compounds can lead to the development of new polymers to displace those produced from fossil carbon, with a focus on performance-advantaged bio-based polymers that can encourage industry adoption and offset fossil carbon use in the context of global plastics pollution and climate change.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

An emerging role of microplastics in the etiology of lung ground glass nodules

Qiqing Chen et al.

Summary: This study validates the presence of microplastics in human lung tissues and explores their correlation with the formation of GGNs. Microfibers, including microplastics, were found embedded in lung tissues, and their abundance increased with age. Patients with a higher exposure risk to microfibers had a significantly higher rate of GGN formation, suggesting a possible link between microfiber inhalation and GGN formation. The roughness of microfibers' surface may also be related to disease progression.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Reaction Optimization for Greener Chemistry with a Comprehensive Spreadsheet Tool

Daniel M. M. Day et al.

Summary: Green chemistry emphasizes safety, waste reduction, and efficiency. In this study, researchers provide a spreadsheet tool that allows for the prediction and optimization of chemical reactions through the analysis of reaction kinetics, solvent effects, and solvent greenness.

MOLECULES (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biodegradability as an Off-Ramp for the Circular Economy: Investigations into Biodegradable Polymers for Home and Personal Care

Scott A. Backer et al.

Summary: Consumer pressure for transparency on the origin and fate of ingredients in home and personal care products is driving the growth of sustainable products in this market. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology used to determine the environmental impact of products, but often overlooks the end of life stage. While consumers demand biodegradable materials, the release of carbon dioxide during biodegradation contradicts carbon reduction methods. This Account explores the impact of biodegradation on the circular economy and discusses the development of biodegradable alternatives in the home and personal care markets.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2022)

Article Polymer Science

Development of Blends to Improve Flexibility of Biodegradable Polymers

Maria Jorda-Reolid et al.

Summary: This study aimed to improve the ductile properties of rigid and/or brittle biodegradable polymers by preparing binary blends. PLA, PHA, and TPS were blended with different amounts of PBS to reduce stiffness and brittleness. The compatibility and mechanical properties of the blends were studied. Flexibility increased with the addition of PBS, but the achieved compatibility was limited, leading to a low impact resistance improvement. Therefore, other blend options with EVA-based material were explored, improving the impact resistance and flexibility of PLA material.

POLYMERS (2022)

Review Polymer Science

Methods of Analyses for Biodegradable Polymers: A Review

Siti Baidurah

Summary: This article introduces the definition and examples of biodegradable polymers, as well as the recent developments in analytical methods. Special focus is given to chromatographic methods as the routine method of polymer analysis.

POLYMERS (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Aging of biodegradable blended plastic generates microplastics and attached bacterial communities in air and aqueous environments

Ruiqi Bao et al.

Summary: The use of biodegradable plastics has been promoted in recent years, but the production of microplastics from blended polymers is not well studied. This study investigated the characteristics of microplastics produced from blended plastics and the development of biofilms on plastic surfaces under long-term aging. The results showed significant production of microplastics from blended plastics and variation in bacterial communities attached to the plastics.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2022)

Editorial Material Polymer Science

Sustainable Green Polymerizations and End-of-Life Treatment of Polymers

Danielle E. Fagnani et al.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Environmental Sciences

Detection of microplastics in human lung tissue using μFTIR spectroscopy

Lauren C. Jenner et al.

Summary: Airborne microplastics (MPs) have been found to have increased concentrations in areas with high human population and activity, especially indoors. This study analyzed human lung tissue samples and identified 39 MPs in 11 out of 13 samples, with an average concentration of 1.42 +/- 1.50 MP/g of tissue. The most abundant polymer types were polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, and resin. The study also found that MPs were present in all regions of the lung, with significantly higher levels in the lower region compared to the upper and middle regions. These findings suggest that inhalation is a route of exposure for environmental MPs.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2022)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Microbial biodegradation of plastics: Challenges, opportunities, and a critical perspective

Shilpa et al.

Summary: The abundance of synthetic polymers in the environment has increased due to uncontrolled utilization and disposal, leading to concerns about accumulation and saturation. Plastic pollution has risen exponentially during the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily due to single-use plastics such as PPE kits, gloves, and face masks. Physicochemical methods for degrading synthetic polymers have limited efficiency and produce hazardous by-products. However, microbial species isolated from landfills and dumpsites have shown promise in utilizing plastics as a carbon source, energy, and biomass production. Microbial biodegradation approaches offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution to the plastic waste problem, with the potential to be combined with physicochemical methods for optimal results.

FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Microplastics detected in cirrhotic liver tissue

Thomas Horvatits et al.

Summary: This study aimed to investigate the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in human liver tissue and found six different MP polymers in the liver of individuals with liver cirrhosis, but not in those without underlying liver disease.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

Review Microbiology

Current Advances in Biodegradation of Polyolefins

Ni Zhang et al.

Summary: Polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), are commonly used plastics. The excessive use and improper disposal of polyolefins lead to environmental pollution and energy waste. Biodegradation of polyolefins is an environmentally friendly and low-energy consumption approach for plastic degradation. This review discusses the current advances in polyolefin degradation, including isolated and engineered strains, enzymes, and related pathways. Additionally, a novel strategy for polyolefin degradation using artificial microbial consortia is proposed for efficient degradation of polyolefins.

MICROORGANISMS (2022)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Insights on production mechanism and industrial applications of renewable propylene glycol

Jude A. Okolie

Summary: This study reviews different catalyst for glycerol hydrogenorisis, the reaction mechanism, and process challenges, and presents in detail previous studies related to the economic and environmental assessment of propylene glycol production.

ISCIENCE (2022)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Myco-degradation of microplastics: an account of identified pathways and analytical methods for their determination

Swati Solanki et al.

Summary: Microplastics have become a major concern due to their non-degradable and persistent nature. Long-term exposure to microplastics can cause chronic toxicity and harm both organisms and humans. Fungi offer a beneficial solution for microplastic degradation due to their diverse nature and effective enzymatic system. Additionally, fungi secrete hydrophobins, which aid in the bioremediation process.

BIODEGRADATION (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymers in Mesophilic Aerobic Environments

Anibal Bher et al.

Summary: Finding alternatives to reduce plastic pollution is a major challenge in modern life. Biodegradable polymers derived from bio- and fossil-based sources have emerged as one potential solution. The biodegradation process is complex and influenced by various factors, making it important to understand the mechanisms involved. This review provides a comprehensive overview of this process, discussing the impact of enzymes, biofilms, CO2 evolution, and metabolic pathways. It also highlights the need for innovative approaches and interdisciplinary research to minimize plastic persistence in the environment.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Wax worm saliva and the enzymes therein are the key to polyethylene degradation by Galleria mellonella

A. Sanluis-Verdes et al.

Summary: The saliva of wax worms has the ability to oxidize and depolymerize polyethylene, providing a potential solution for biodegradation of plastic waste.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Polyvinyl chloride degradation by a bacterium isolated from the gut of insect larvae

Zhe Zhang et al.

Summary: This study isolates a PVC-degrading bacterium from the gut of insect larvae and uses a multi-omic approach to shed light on the PVC degradation pathway. The findings provide new insights into the mechanism of PVC degradation.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Polymer Science

Hydrophobicity and Biodegradability of Silane-Treated Nanocellulose in Biopolymer for High-Grade Packaging Applications

Indra Surya et al.

Summary: The growing concern about plastic waste pollution and environmental dangers has led to increased interest in replacing plastics with sustainable and biodegradable alternatives. This study examined the use of seaweed and kenaf cellulose nanofiber to prepare biopolymeric packaging films. The results showed that the modified film had good hydrophobic properties and a slow degradation rate, making it suitable for high-grade packaging material in various applications.

POLYMERS (2022)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Effect of Polymer Properties on the Biodegradation of Polyurethane Microplastics

Patrizia Pfohl et al.

Summary: The study investigated the biodegradation of different types of polyurethanes and found that increasing cross-linking density and hard-segment content decreased the rates and extents of biodegradation. The presence of a hydrolysis stabilizer reduced fragmentation without affecting carbon conversion into CO2. These results contribute to the understanding of structure-degradation relationships of polyurethanes and support recycling strategies.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Fermentation for the production of biobased chemicals in a circular economy: a perspective for the period 2022-2050

Tom A. Ewing et al.

Summary: This article provides an overview of available fermentation technologies and their potential for producing biobased bulk chemicals in a circular economy. The focus is on mature technologies that have been implemented on industrial pilot scale, with a critical assessment of their relevance and potential. It concludes that seven fermentation processes are ready for application in a circular economy, while others may reach maturity in the future.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2022)

Review Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Recent advances in biodegradable polymers for sustainable applications

Aya Samir et al.

Summary: This article studies the production methods and application areas of biodegradable polymers, and discusses in detail their fate and assessment in the environment. At the same time, the structure, properties, and behavior of biodegradable polymers are investigated.

NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION (2022)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation of plastic polymers by fungi: a brief review

Munuru Srikanth et al.

Summary: Plastic polymers are a global threat that can be effectively degraded through the biodegradation process, in which fungi play a key role by secreting degrading enzymes and pro-oxidant ions.

BIORESOURCES AND BIOPROCESSING (2022)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Oceanic Hitchhikers - Assessing Pathogen Risks from Marine Microplastic

Jake Bowley et al.

Summary: As plastic pollution continues to rise, concerns about microplastics acting as vectors for pathogen transport are emerging. While there is a lack of detailed studies, understanding the interactions between microplastics and pathogens is crucial for the aquaculture industry.

TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Polymer Science

Mechanical Recycling of Packaging Plastics: A Review

Zoe O. G. Schyns et al.

Summary: The current global plastics economy is linear, but transitioning to a circular economy is crucial for reducing environmental impacts through degradation, reuse, and recycling. Mechanical recycling plays a key role in a sustainable plastic economy, but challenges such as high costs, mechanical property degradation, and inconsistent product quality need to be addressed.

MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Selective Chemical Upcycling of Mixed Plastics Guided by a Thermally Stable Organocatalyst

Coralie Jehanno et al.

Summary: Chemical recycling of plastic waste offers a greener alternative to landfill and incineration, with the potential for selective and sequential depolymerization of specific plastics to produce high added value molecules. This method showcases the promise of catalytic depolymerization in providing solutions for environmental consequences of increased plastic waste.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Plasticenta: First evidence of microplastics in human placenta

Antonio Ragusa et al.

Summary: The study revealed the presence of microplastic fragments in human placentas, with different shapes and possible origins from man-made coatings, paints, adhesives, etc.

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

The future of UK plastics recycling: One Bin to Rule Them All

Martin Burgess et al.

Summary: The use of plastics in the UK is increasingly demonised, with public campaigns advocating for recyclable cups and the elimination of plastic straws. However, despite efforts from retailers and the UK Plastics Pact, domestic collection rates for discarded plastics remain low. Research suggests that rapid progress in standardisation, infrastructure investment, cross-supply chain business models, and higher value recyclate is needed to significantly improve recycling rates. A harmonised national solution to plastic waste sorting, while maintaining value in discarded plastics, could serve as a best-practice model for other regions.

RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Computational Redesign of a PETase for Plastic Biodegradation under Ambient Condition by the GRAPE Strategy

Yinglu Cui et al.

Summary: This study successfully improved the robustness of PETase through a computational strategy, resulting in the redesign of a variant DuraPETase with significantly elevated melting temperature and enhanced degradation of PET films, as well as complete biodegradation of microplastics at mild temperatures. The design strategy presents opportunities for handling uncollectable PET waste and converting resulting monomers into high-value molecules.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Degradation Behavior of Biobased Epoxy Resins in Mild Acidic Media

Minjie Shen et al.

Summary: The research shows that biobased epoxy resins undergo accelerated hydrolytic degradation in acidic solutions, providing a route for end-of-life management of thermoset waste. A solid-state reaction order model can predict the remaining mass fraction as a function of exposure time.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2021)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Closing the loop on recycling bioplastics

Charlotte K. Williams et al.

Summary: The high-performance plastic, derived from renewable oils, is truly recyclable at a molecular level. This not only reduces dependence on petroleum resources but also helps protect the environment.

NATURE (2021)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Surface Modification to Modulate Microbial Biofilms-Applications in Dental Medicine

Alina-Maria Holban et al.

Summary: Recent advancements in materials science and nanotechnology have led to the development of advanced materials with multifunctional properties, benefiting dental medicine by providing tailored implants and improved materials for better acceptance by the host body, successful implantation, and reduced inflammatory response. Novel materials are also needed to overcome challenges posed by pathogenic microorganisms, influencing dental pathologies. This paper discusses recent innovative progress in materials surface modification, focusing on microbial attachment inhibition and biofilm formation in dental medicine.

MATERIALS (2021)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Implication of Surface Properties, Bacterial Motility, and Hydrodynamic Conditions on Bacterial Surface Sensing and Their Initial Adhesion

Sherry Zheng et al.

Summary: Biofilms are structured microbial communities attached to surfaces that play a significant role in biofouling persistence. Bacteria in biofilms are embedded in a complex matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Recent works have focused on understanding the influences of surface properties such as surface charge, wettability, roughness, and stiffness on bacterial adhesion.

FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Polymerization of Biobased Farnesene in Miniemulsions by Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization

Sharmaine B. Luk et al.

Summary: This study focused on the polymerization of biobased farnesene in miniemulsions using different alkoxyamine initiators. The stable emulsions were observed with varying particle sizes depending on the initiator used, and successful chain extension was achieved. Additionally, diblock copolymers were synthesized by extending the poly(Far) macroinitiators with isobornyl methacrylate, showing differences in effectiveness between the initiators used.

ACS OMEGA (2021)

Article Microbiology

Bacterial Abundance, Diversity and Activity During Long-Term Colonization of Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Plastics in Seawater

Charlene Odobel et al.

Summary: This study found congruent signs of biodegradation for some bio-based and fossil-based materials after one month of immersion in seawater, with continuous growth of biofilm observed on PHBV, PCL, and artificially aged OXO over the course of 7 months. The study also identified potential operational taxonomic units (OTUs) involved in the biodegradation of these polymers under natural seawater conditions, offering new insights into the biodegradability of polymers in seawater environments.

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Surface Treatment of Polymers and Influence on Cell Cultivation

Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel et al.

Summary: Atmospheric plasma treatment is an effective surface treatment technique for enhancing the biocompatibility of polymers in biomedical applications, without changing their bulk properties. This treatment plays a crucial role in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth on polymer surfaces.

MOLECULES (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

You are what you eat: Microplastics in the feces of young men living in Beijing

Na Zhang et al.

Summary: Microplastics were found in the feces of the majority of participants in the study, with polypropylene being the most commonly detected type. There was a moderate correlation between water intake habits and the abundance of microplastics in feces.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Review Engineering, Environmental

Knowledge Gaps in Polymer Biodegradation Research

Vurtice C. Albright et al.

Summary: The environmental fate of polymers, especially biodegradable ones, is receiving increasing attention. Key aspects of study design are crucial for determining the outcomes of polymer biodegradation research. Overcoming knowledge gaps and providing key recommendations are necessary for assessing polymer biodegradation effectively.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of bisphenol-A polycarbonate plastic by Pseudoxanthomonas sp. strain NyZ600

Wenlong Yue et al.

Summary: The study revealed that the bacterial strain Pseudoxanthomonas sp. NyZ600 is capable of degrading PC effectively, causing corrosion pits on the PC surface. Furthermore, strain NyZ600 performed broad depolymerization of PC, producing degradation products bisphenol A and 4-cumylphenol.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Presence of airborne microplastics in human lung tissue

Luis Fernando Amato-Lourenco et al.

Summary: This study confirmed the presence of microplastics in human lung tissues, with polyethylene and polypropylene being the most frequently detected polymers. The potential adverse effects of these microplastics on the respiratory system following inhalation are still unknown, but further research is needed to understand the heterogeneous characteristics of these contaminants.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Modelling the combined effect of surface roughness and topography on bacterial attachment

Subash Bommu Chinnaraj et al.

Summary: Bacterial attachment is a complex process affected by various factors, and this study focused on the initial attachment of Streptococcus gordonii cells on stainless steel samples. The results showed that surface roughness may increase bacterial attachment in static fluid conditions, while it may decrease attachment under flow conditions.

JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Microplastics destabilize lipid membranes by mechanical stretching

Jean-Baptiste Fleury et al.

Summary: Millions of tons of plastic are dumped into oceans annually. Microplastics, commonly found in living organisms, can lead to increased membrane tension, potentially reducing membrane lifetime.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

Article Environmental Sciences

Degradation of conventional and biobased plastics in soil under contrasting environmental conditions

Ana Beltran-Sanahuja et al.

Summary: A study comparing the degradation of conventional and PLA-based materials in different soil scenarios over one year found that PLA-based materials exhibited higher weight loss at high temperatures and high moisture levels, with soil texture having a minor impact. Additionally, early signs of degradation in biobased materials were detected through carbonyl and crystallization indices, as well as enthalpy of fusion measurements.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2021)

Article Chemistry, Physical

Reaction Mechanism of the PET Degrading Enzyme PETase Studied with DFT/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Carola Jerves et al.

Summary: PETase enzyme can hydrolyze PET bonds and convert them into reusable monomers, the reaction mechanism involves two stages, acylation and deacylation, achieved through a series of steps. Research has identified mutations of certain amino acid residues that can increase enzyme catalytic efficiency.

ACS CATALYSIS (2021)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Occurrence of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate Microplastics in Infant and Adult Feces

Junjie Zhang et al.

Summary: This study quantitatively determined the concentrations of PET and PC microplastics in human feces samples from New York State, revealing the presence of these microplastics in some meconium samples.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Review Engineering, Chemical

Durable Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Sustainable Engineered Blends and Biocomposites: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Opportunities

Neelima Tripathi et al.

Summary: This paper comprehensively reviews the development and application of durable polylactic acid (PLA)-based engineered blends and biocomposites, focusing on the challenges and opportunities for reducing carbon footprint, improving durability, and enhancing product performance.

ACS ENGINEERING AU (2021)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Efficient Plastic Waste Recycling to Value-Added Products by Integrated Biomass Processing

Kassem Beydoun et al.

CHEMSUSCHEM (2020)

Article Engineering, Environmental

An efficient method for extracting microplastics from feces of different species

Zehua Yan et al.

JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (2020)

Review Engineering, Marine

Microbial Colonization in Marine Environments: Overview of Current Knowledge and Emerging Research Topics

Gabriella Caruso

JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Degradation Rates of Plastics in the Environment

Ali Chamas et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Review Food Science & Technology

Biodegradation of polyethylene: a brief review

Sunil Ghatge et al.

APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY (2020)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Structure Characterization and Biodegradation Rate of Poly(epsilon-caprolactone)/Starch Blends

Martina Nevoralova et al.

FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS (2020)

Review Green & Sustainable Science & Technology

Life cycle assessment of bio-based and fossil-based plastic: A review

S. Walker et al.

JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION (2020)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Step-Growth Polyesters with Biobased (R)-1,3-Butanediol

Christopher A. DeRosa et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Effects of Methyl Branching on the Properties and Performance of Furandioate-Adipate Copolyesters of Bio-Based Secondary Diols

Alastair Little et al.

ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING (2020)

Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plastic Debris in the Marine Environment: History and Future Challenges

Imogen Ellen Napper et al.

GLOBAL CHALLENGES (2020)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation

Dominik Danso et al.

APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Benchmarking the in Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plastic Consumer Products

Lisa Zimmermann et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Biochemical Research Methods

Polyvinyl chloride biodegradation by Pseudomonas citronellolis and Bacillus flexus

Lucia Giacomucci et al.

NEW BIOTECHNOLOGY (2019)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Degradation of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols in microcosms simulating a spill of produced water in shallow groundwater

Jessica D. Rogers et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-PROCESSES & IMPACTS (2019)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Laccases: structure, function, and potential application in water bioremediation

Leticia Arregui et al.

MICROBIAL CELL FACTORIES (2019)

Review Polymer Science

A review on the thermomechanical properties and biodegradation behaviour of polyesters

Aitor Larranaga et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2019)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

The Fate of the Peroxyl Radical in Autoxidation: How Does Polymer Degradation Really Occur?

Leesa M. Smith et al.

ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH (2018)

Editorial Material Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Introduction: Sustainable Chemistry

Istvan T. Horvath

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2018)

Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation rate of biodegradable plastics at molecular level

Selene Chinaglia et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2018)

Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Plastics recycling with a difference

Haritz Sardon et al.

SCIENCE (2018)

Article Environmental Sciences

Microplastics: New substrates for heterotrophic activity contribute to altering organic matter cycles in aquatic ecosystems

Maria Arias-Andres et al.

SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Unraveling substituent effects on the glass transition temperatures of biorenewable polyesters

Xiaopeng Yu et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Evidence that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is rapidly accumulating plastic

L. Lebreton et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2018)

Article Materials Science, Biomaterials

Antibiotic functionalised polymers reduce bacterial biofilm and bioburden in a simulated infection of the cornea

Natalya Doroshenko et al.

BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE (2018)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Functional biodegradable polymers via ring-opening polymerization of monomers without protective groups

Greta Becker et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2018)

Review Biophysics

Influence of surface topography on bacterial adhesion: A review

Songze Wu et al.

BIOINTERPHASES (2018)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradability of Plastics: Challenges and Misconceptions

Stephan Kubowicz et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Biomass-derived monomers for performance-differentiated fiber reinforced polymer composites

Nicholas A. Rorrer et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Using nudges to reduce waste? The case of Toronto's plastic bag levy

Nicholas Rivers et al.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT (2017)

Article Environmental Sciences

Microplastics as a vector for the transport of the bacterial fish pathogen species Aeromonas salmonicida

Manca Kovac Virsek et al.

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN (2017)

Article Materials Science, Characterization & Testing

Effect of compatibilizig agent on the properties of polylactide and polylactide based composite during ozone exposure

Ewa Olewnik-Kruszkowska et al.

POLYMER TESTING (2017)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Biodegradation of bioplastics in natural environments

S. Mehdi Emadian et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT (2017)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made

Roland Geyer et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2017)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

cis,cis-Muconic acid: separation and catalysis to bio-adipic acid for nylon-6,6 polymerization

Derek R. Vardon et al.

GREEN CHEMISTRY (2016)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A bacterium that degrades and assimilates poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Shosuke Yoshida et al.

SCIENCE (2016)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Poly(vinyl alcohol): review of its promising applications and insights into biodegradation

Nihed Ben Halima

RSC ADVANCES (2016)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

From precision polymers to complex materials and systems

Jean-Francois Lutz et al.

NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS (2016)

Article Agriculture, Multidisciplinary

Microbial Synthesis of Myrcene by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coil

Eun-Mi Kim et al.

JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY (2015)

Article Polymer Science

Effects of Crosslinking on the Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Soybean Protein-Based Composites

Zhang Yue-Hong et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2015)

Article Engineering, Biomedical

On the biodegradability of polyethylene glycol, polypeptoids and poly(2-oxazoline)s

Juliane Ulbricht et al.

BIOMATERIALS (2014)

Review Chemistry, Medicinal

Applications of poly(ethylene oxide) in controlled release tablet systems: a review

Lulu Ma et al.

DRUG DEVELOPMENT AND INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY (2014)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Reaction Kinetics and Thermodynamic Equilibrium for Butyl Acrylate Synthesis from n-Butanol and Acrylic Acid

Anna M. Ostaniewicz-Cydzik et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2014)

Article Engineering, Chemical

Structure-Property Relationships for a Series of Poly(ester amide)s, Containing Amino Acids

Abdolrasoul Soleimani et al.

INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH (2014)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microbial degradation and deterioration of polyethylene - A review

Juan-Manuel Restrepo-Florez et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2014)

Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Biodegradation of bisphenol A by bacterial consortia

Er Jin Eio et al.

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2014)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

PEG - A versatile conjugating ligand for drugs and drug delivery systems

Atul Kolate et al.

JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE (2014)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Life in the Plastisphere: Microbial Communities on Plastic Marine Debris

Erik R. Zettler et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2013)

Article Engineering, Environmental

The Relationship Between the Chemical Structure of Poly(alkylene glycol)s and Their Aerobic Biodegradability in an Aqueous Environment

Elzbieta Beran et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2013)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Uptake and Effects of Microplastics on Cells and Tissue of the Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis L. after an Experimental Exposure

Nadia von Moos et al.

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (2012)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Thermal Properties and Biodegradability Studies of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)

Longan Shang et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (2012)

Article Environmental Sciences

On North Pacific circulation and associated marine debris concentration

Evan A. Howell et al.

MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN (2012)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Terminology for biorelated polymers and applications (IUPAC Recommendations 2012)

Michel Vert et al.

PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY (2012)

Proceedings Paper Mathematics, Applied

Poly(ethylene glycol) in drug delivery, why does it work, and can we do better? All atom molecular dynamics simulation provides some answers

Alex Bunker

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 25TH WORKSHOP ON COMPUTER SIMULATION STUDIES IN CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS (2012)

Review Polymer Science

Biomedical Applications of Biodegradable Polymers

Bret D. Ulery et al.

JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS (2011)

Review Polymer Science

An overview of degradable and biodegradable polyolefins

Anne Ammala et al.

PROGRESS IN POLYMER SCIENCE (2011)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Poly(ethylene glycol) in Drug Delivery: Pros and Cons as Well as Potential Alternatives

Katrin Knop et al.

ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION (2010)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biodegradation of Physicochemically Treated Polycarbonate by Fungi

Trishul Artham et al.

BIOMACROMOLECULES (2010)

Review Agricultural Engineering

An overview of the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research

K. Madhavan Nampoothiri et al.

BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY (2010)

Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Green Chemistry: Principles and Practice

Paul Anastas et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2010)

News Item Multidisciplinary Sciences

The Dirt on Ocean Garbage Patches

Jocelyn Kaiser

SCIENCE (2010)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Sustainable Chemistry Metrics

Francisco Garcia Calvo-Flores

CHEMSUSCHEM (2009)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Molecular design of a nylon-6 byproduct-degrading enzyme from a carboxylesterase with a β-lactamase fold

Yasuyuki Kawashima et al.

FEBS JOURNAL (2009)

Review Biology

Environmental implications of plastic debris in marine settings-entanglement, ingestion, smothering, hangers-on, hitch-hiking and alien invasions

Murray R. Gregory

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2009)

Article Biology

Applications and societal benefits of plastics

Anthony L. Andrady et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2009)

Review Biology

Plastics recycling: challenges and opportunities

Jefferson Hopewell et al.

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES (2009)

Review Chemistry, Physical

Biodegradable Polymers

Isabelle Vroman et al.

MATERIALS (2009)

Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biodegradation of aliphatic and aromatic polycarbonates

Trishul Artham et al.

MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE (2008)

Article Engineering, Environmental

Factors influencing households' participation in recycling

Paula Vicente et al.

WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH (2008)

Review Polymer Science

New emerging trends in synthetic biodegradable polymers - Polylactide: A critique

A. P. Gupta et al.

EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL (2007)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Biological degradation of synthetic polyesters - Enzymes as potential catalysts for polyester recycling

Rolf-Joachim Mueller

PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY (2006)

Article Environmental Sciences

Comparison of biodegradation of poly(ethylene glycol)s and poly(propylene glycol)s

Agnieszka Zgola-Grzeskowiak et al.

CHEMOSPHERE (2006)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Lost at sea: Where is all the plastic?

RC Thompson et al.

SCIENCE (2004)

Article Polymer Science

Effect of hydrophilicity on the biodegradability of polyesteramides

C Park et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE (2003)

Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Plasma treatment of polymers for surface and adhesion improvement

D Hegemann et al.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS (2003)

Review Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Microbiological deterioration and degradation of synthetic polymeric materials: recent research advances

JD Gu

INTERNATIONAL BIODETERIORATION & BIODEGRADATION (2003)

Review Biochemical Research Methods

Biodegradation of plastics

M Shimao

CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2001)

Article Polymer Science

Biodegradation of polyester-amides using a pure strain of micro-organisms or papain II. Polymer

I Dupret et al.

POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY (2000)