Investigation of ionomer hydration and local relative humidity in platinum and non-noble based catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using SAXS

Article Chemistry, Physical

Detailed Catalyst Layer Structure of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells from Contrast Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Florian Chabot et al.

Summary: Reducing the platinum content and improving catalyst activity are key research directions for increasing the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2023)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Quantification of PEFC Catalyst Layer Saturation via In Silico, Ex Situ, and In Situ Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Kinanti Aliyah et al.

Summary: A method using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is proposed to quantify the presence of liquid water in polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst layers (CLs). The method is validated through wetting experiments and allows for interpretation of the measured SAXS data to derive the most probable wetting mechanism in a flow cell electrode.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2023)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Tracking the Catalyst Layer Depth-Dependent Electrochemical Degradation of a Bimodal Pt/C Fuel Cell Catalyst: A Combined Operando Small- and Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering Study

Johanna Schroeder et al.

Summary: This study presents a combination of operando small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering to investigate the changes in mean particle sizes and phase fractions in fuel cell catalyst layers during accelerated stress tests. The results indicate that the degradation mechanism of the catalyst is classical Ostwald ripening via local diffusion of metal atoms on the support, rather than electrochemical Ostwald ripening. Furthermore, the study shows that the degradation of the catalyst layer is depth-dependent, suggesting the potential for future improvement of catalyst stability through a depth-dependent catalyst design.

ACS CATALYSIS (2022)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Updates in SASfit for fitting analytical expressions and numerical models to small-angle scattering patterns

Joachim Kohlbrecher et al.

Summary: This article presents enhancements and additions to the SASfit program, including updates to the technical basis, new form factors and distribution types, and new structure factors. These improvements will further enhance the functionality and applicability of SASfit for characterizing particle ensembles.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2022)

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Article Energy & Fuels

Structure-Property Relationship of Cryogel-Based Fe-N-C Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Camille Roiron et al.

Summary: This study reports on Pt-free catalysts prepared through an Fe-N-doped carbon cryogel synthesis process. By tuning selected parameters, various new structures with different catalytic activities were synthesized and characterized, showing promising catalytic activity for the ORR.

ENERGY & FUELS (2021)

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Article Polymer Science

Influence of Ionomer Content in the Catalytic Layer of MEAs Based on Aquivion(R) Ionomer

Irene Gatto et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the best fuel cell performance was found for electrodes using 26 wt.% Aquivion(R) in the presence of ethanol for ink preparation, associated with a maximum catalyst utilization.

POLYMERS (2021)

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Article Physics, Applied

Operando SAXS study of a Pt/C fuel cell catalyst with an X-ray laboratory source

Johanna Schroeder et al.

Summary: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful technique for investigating the degradation of catalyst materials, ideally performed operando in synchrotron facilities. The challenge lies in proper background subtraction of carbon support to extract information on Pt nanoparticle size distribution during accelerated stress tests.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Impact of the Cathode Layer Printing Process on the Performance of MEA Integrating PGM Free Catalyst

Pierre Toudret et al.

Summary: PGM-free cathode active layers were prepared using various printing techniques, and the impact of fabrication process on cathode structure and performance was investigated. The coated membrane made using the decal transfer process demonstrated the best performance.

CATALYSTS (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Distinguishing Adsorbed and Deposited Ionomers in the Catalyst Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Contrast-Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Masashi Harada et al.

Summary: The distribution of ionomers in the catalyst layer plays a crucial role in the performance of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. By identifying the adsorbed and deposited ionomers based on their positional correlation with carbon particles, a technique for differentiation was developed to optimize the design of PEFC catalyst layers.

ACS OMEGA (2021)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

The ex-situ and in-situ gas diffusivities of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell catalyst layer and contribution of primary pores, secondary pores, ionomer and water to the total oxygen diffusion resistance

Sina Salari et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2020)

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Review Chemistry, Physical

Current understanding of catalyst/ionomer interfacial structure and phenomena affecting the oxygen reduction reaction in cathode catalyst layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Seunghee Woo et al.

CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

In Situ Measurement of Ionomer Water Content and Liquid Water Saturation in Fuel Cell Catalyst Layers by High-Resolution Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Jongmin Lee et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2020)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Microstructure and water distribution in catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells, elucidated by contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering

Satoshi Koizumi et al.

JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2019)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Heterogeneous Nanostructural Aging of Fuel Cell Ionomer Revealed by Operando SAXS

Nicolas Martinez et al.

ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS (2019)

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Review Electrochemistry

Progress in nanostructured (Fe or Co)/N/C non-noble metal electrocatalysts for fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

Lei Zhang et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2018)

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Article Electrochemistry

Influence of Water and Temperature onIonomer in Catalytic Layers and Membranes of Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers Evaluated by AFM

T. Morawietz et al.

FUEL CELLS (2018)

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Article Electrochemistry

Connecting Fuel Cell Catalyst Nanostructure and Accessibility Using Quantitative Cryo-STEM Tomography

Elliot Padgett et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Combining SAXS and XAS To Study the Operando Degradation of Carbon-Supported Pt-Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Catalysts

Mauro Povia et al.

ACS CATALYSIS (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Structure-property relationships at Nafion thin-film interfaces: Thickness effects on hydration and anisotropic ion transport

Steven C. DeCaluwe et al.

NANO ENERGY (2018)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Toward Platinum Group Metal-Free Catalysts for Hydrogen/AirProton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

Frederic Jaouen et al.

JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW (2018)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

New Insights into Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid lonomers

Ahmet Kusoglu et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2017)

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Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Quantitative in Situ Analysis of Ionomer Structure in Fuel Cell Catalytic Layers

Tobias Morawietz et al.

ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Nanostructure/Swelling Relationships of Bulk and Thin-Film PFSA Ionomers

Ahmet Kusoglu et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2016)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent Advances in Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Minhua Shao et al.

CHEMICAL REVIEWS (2016)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Structure/property relationship of Nafion XL composite membranes

Shouwen Shi et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2016)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of carbon supports on Pt distribution, ionomer coverage and cathode performance for polymer electrolyte fuel cells

Young-Chul Park et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2016)

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Review Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Recent advancements in Pt and Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction

Yao Nie et al.

CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS (2015)

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Article Electrochemistry

Pt Catalyst Degradation in Aqueous and Fuel Cell Environments studied via In-Operando Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

James A. Gilbert et al.

ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA (2015)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

A Critical Revision of the Nano-Morphology of Proton Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications

Klaus-Dieter Kreuer et al.

ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Effects of ionomer content on Pt catalyst/ordered mesoporous carbon support in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Chi-Yeong Ahn et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2013)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Proton Conducting Ionic Liquid Doped Nation Membranes: Nano-Structuration, Transport Properties and Water Sorption

Rakhi Sood et al.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C (2012)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

In Situ Anomalous Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Platinum Nanoparticle Fuel Cell Electrocatalyst Degradation

James A. Gilbert et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY (2012)

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Article Polymer Science

Role of Mechanical Factors in Controlling the Structure-Function Relationship of PFSA Ionomers

Ahmet Kusoglu et al.

MACROMOLECULES (2012)

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Article Electrochemistry

Three-Dimensional Spatial Distributions of Pt Catalyst Nanoparticles on Carbon Substrates in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Toshihiko Ito et al.

ELECTROCHEMISTRY (2011)

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Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Low-platinum and platinum-free catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction at fuel cell cathodes

Adina Morozan et al.

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE (2011)

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Article Engineering, Chemical

Water transport in liquid and vapour equilibrated Nafion™ membranes

Tatiana Romero et al.

JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE (2009)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Hydration of Ionomers and Schroeder's Paradox in Nafion

Viatcheslav Freger

JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B (2009)

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Article Chemistry, Physical

Short-side-chain proton conducting perfluorosulfonic acid ionomers: Why they perform better in PEM fuel cells

K. D. Kreuer et al.

JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES (2008)

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Article Electrochemistry

Neutron and x-ray scattering: Suitable tools for studying ionomer membranes

G Gebel et al.

FUEL CELLS (2005)

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Article Polymer Science

Fibrillar structure of Nafion: Matching Fourier and real space studies of corresponding films and solutions

L Rubatat et al.

MACROMOLECULES (2004)

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Article Electrochemistry

Sorption in proton-exchange membranes - An explanation of Schroeder's paradox

PH Choi et al.

JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY (2003)

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Article Polymer Science

Evidence of elongated polymeric aggregates in Nafion

L Rubatat et al.

MACROMOLECULES (2002)

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Article Polymer Science

Structural evolution of water swollen perfluorosulfonated ionomers from dry membrane to solution

G Gebel

POLYMER (2000)

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Investigation of ionomer hydration and local relative humidity in platinum and non-noble based catalyst layers in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using SAXS

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