Exhuming an Accretionary Prism: A Case Study of the Kodiak Accretionary Complex, Alaska, USA

We have carried a structural study across Kodiak accretionary complex in Alaska, USA, in order to describe its thermal structure and decipher the processes of exhumation. The accretionary complex consists of a stack of tectonic melanges and coherent units. Melanges are characterized by simple shear deformation with a pervasive network of top-to-the-trench shear zones, whereas coherent units are affected principally by horizontal shortening, except for spatially limited outcrops in Kodiak Central Belt. Peak temperatures estimated using Raman spectroscopy of carbonaceous material range from 220 to 400degree celsius through most of the complex. These temperatures coincide with estimates from metamorphic parageneses and are interpreted as temperatures of deformation achieved under a high gradient due to contemporaneous ridge subduction. The highest temperatures are recorded in the central part of the complex, pointing to a dome-like structure. Lower temperatures (similar to 120degree celsius) are recorded along the southeastern border of the complex, in slope sediments unconformably overlying accreted units. Based on the combination of structural and thermal data, we conclude that the rocks constituting the Kodiak complex experienced at least two stages of burial and then exhumation, with vertical motions reaching up to similar to 13 km from the Paleocene to the present. Given the pervasive horizontal shortening within the wedge, exhumation resulted from prism thickening contemporaneous with surficial erosion. Recorded subsidence episodes may be local phenomena associated with thrusting or large-scale processes associated with basal erosion. The rates of vertical motion range from 0.2 to 1.3 mm/yr, comparable with estimates in modern margins.

Automated summary

A study on the structural and thermal characteristics of the Kodiak accretionary complex in Alaska, USA suggests that the complex experienced two stages of burial and exhumation. The study also reveals a dome-like structure in the central part of the complex and records subsidence episodes along the southeastern border. The rates of vertical motion in the complex are comparable to estimates in modern margins.