Enhancing electrochemical sensing through the use of functionalized graphene composites as nanozymes

Graphene-based nanozymes possess inherent nanomaterial properties that offer not only a simple substitute for enzymes but also a versatile platform capable of bonding with complex biochemical environments. The current review discusses the replacement of enzymes in developing biosensors with nanozymes. Functionalization of graphene-based materials with various nanoparticles can enhance their nanozymatic properties. Graphene oxide functionalization has been shown to yield graphene-based nanozymes that closely mimic several natural enzymes. This review provides an overview of the classification, current state-of-the-art development, synthesis routes, and types of functionalized graphene-based nanozymes for the design of electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, it includes a summary of the application of functionalized graphene-based nanozymes for constructing electrochemical sensors for pollutants, drugs, and various water and food samples. Challenges related to nanozymes as electrocatalytic materials are discussed, along with potential solutions and approaches for addressing these shortcomings. + Different categories of artificial enzymes (nanozymes) according to the type of graphene derivative.

Automated summary

Graphene-based nanozymes have the potential to replace enzymes in biosensors and offer a versatile platform for bonding with complex biochemical environments. This review provides an overview of the classification, development, and synthesis of functionalized graphene-based nanozymes for electrochemical sensor design. It also discusses their application in constructing electrochemical sensors for pollutants, drugs, and various water and food samples, as well as the challenges and potential solutions related to their use as electrocatalytic materials.