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Review
Allergy
Bryan Oronsky et al.
Summary: Persistent post-COVID syndrome, a pathologic entity, involves persistent physical, medical, and cognitive sequelae following COVID-19. The syndrome includes immunosuppression and organ fibrosis, and its potential long-term effects place a burden on healthcare systems, patients' families, and society.
CLINICAL REVIEWS IN ALLERGY & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Giovanni Marasco et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and post-COVID-19 disorders of gut-brain interaction among hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that patients with COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms on hospital admission and lower rates of constipation and hard stools at 12 months post-infection compared to the control group. Additionally, the rate of irritable bowel syndrome was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than in controls.
Article
Virology
Kazuki Takakura et al.
Summary: This study surveyed 286 patients with long COVID who received care in an outpatient clinic from May to December 2021 to characterize the clinical features of the condition. The median age of the patients was 35.8 years, with slightly more women than men. The most common symptoms were respiratory manifestations and fatigue, with hair loss being a major complaint in the late phase. The severity of COVID-19, the number of symptoms, and the delay in starting treatment were all found to negatively affect the recovery period of long COVID. Additionally, smoking was identified as an independent risk factor for a slower recovery period.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Christoph Schultheiss et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection that significantly impact life quality. This study reveals pronounced dysregulation in immune factors and persistence of viral protein in individuals with PASC, highlighting its biological heterogeneity. Further correlation with clinically defined PASC subtypes is needed.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Ying Jie Chee et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as long COVID, is an emerging public health concern. This review summarizes published trials and ongoing research on managing long COVID, highlighting the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and outcome measures. Current trials focus on individual symptoms and organ dysfunction, and more research is needed to address the unmet needs of patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Joseph P. P. Skinner et al.
Summary: This descriptive study interviewed 48 individuals hospitalized for COVID-19 between April and May 2020 to investigate their experience after hospitalization. It found that a majority of individuals had persistent symptoms such as fatigue, difficulty breathing, and muscle weakness after discharge. Poor quality of life and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology were also observed in some participants. Further research is needed to understand the resources required for long-term support of individuals with Long COVID after discharge.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Cedric Lemogne et al.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Helene Ruffieux et al.
Summary: We analyzed detailed longitudinal phenotyping data from 215 individuals with varying disease severities to understand the biology behind individual patient responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings revealed distinct profiles of 'systemic recovery', including the progression and resolution of inflammatory, immune cell, metabolic, and clinical responses. We identified strong correlations between innate immune cell numbers, kynurenine metabolites, and lipid metabolites, which have implications for homeostasis restoration, risk of death, and long COVID.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Artur Fedorowski et al.
Summary: The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 pose significant challenges for patients, physicians, and the healthcare system. These sequelae are not dependent on the severity of the initial infection, often exhibit pronounced symptoms, and can even occur after vaccination. Many cases involve cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, with 30% of individuals experiencing postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. The prognosis remains uncertain, and treatment options are still inadequate.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Long COVID is a common and debilitating illness that affects at least 10% of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, with a wide range of symptoms and impacts on multiple organ systems. There are an estimated 65 million individuals worldwide with long COVID, and the number of cases is increasing daily. Current diagnostic and treatment options are insufficient, and there is a need for clinical trials to address leading hypotheses. Future research should account for biases and testing issues, build on viral-onset research, include marginalized populations, and meaningfully engage patients.
NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Irina Osiaevi et al.
Summary: This observational study found that capillary rarefaction persists for up to 18 months after COVID-19 infection. Although the dimensions of the glycocalyx were comparable to those of healthy individuals, the vascular density, particularly in very small capillaries, was significantly decreased. The number of perfused capillaries in long COVID patients was similar to that of critically ill COVID-19 patients and did not respond adequately to local variations in tissue metabolic demand.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Takafumi Kubota et al.
Summary: This review provides an update on the neuropsychiatric dimensions of long COVID, including fatigue, cognitive impairment, sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The possible mechanisms of long COVID include inflammation, ischemic effects, direct viral invasion, and social and environmental changes. Some patient characteristics and the severity of acute COVID-19 infection may be associated with an increased risk of neuropsychiatric symptoms.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Virology
Shin Jie Yong et al.
Summary: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may lead to a condition called post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) or long-COVID. A meta-analysis of studies on COVID-19 survivors with PCS compared to non-PCS controls found differences in inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Certain biomarkers were associated with PCS, which could help in understanding, diagnosing, and treating the condition.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Barak Mizrahi et al.
Summary: This study suggests that patients with mild covid-19 may experience some clinical sequelae within a year after infection, but most of them resolve within a year. Age, sex, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and vaccination status are associated with the occurrence of these sequelae.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evan Xu et al.
Summary: This study aimed to examine the risks and 1-year burdens of incident dyslipidaemia in the post-acute phase of COVID-19. The results showed that COVID-19 patients had higher risks and burdens of dyslipidaemia in the first year after infection, indicating the need for attention to dyslipidaemia as a potential post-acute sequela of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Chloe Saunders et al.
Lancet Respiratory Medicine
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zoe Swank et al.
Summary: This study analyzed plasma samples from PASC and COVID-19 patients and found that spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 can be detected predominantly in PASC patients for up to 12 months.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Nicholas A. Scott et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with immune dysfunction, which may contribute to the chronic symptoms in long COVID patients. Phenotypical and functional changes in monocytes were assessed in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and convalescence. Specific monocyte alterations were found in long COVID patients with unresolved lung injury and ongoing fatigue. These findings offer potential therapeutic opportunities for COVID-19 patients with persistent morbidity.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Virology
M. C. Arjun et al.
Summary: This study investigated the incidence, symptoms characteristics, and predictors of long COVID among COVID-19 patients diagnosed during the Omicron wave in Eastern India. The results showed a relatively low proportion of self-reported long COVID symptoms, with fatigue and cough being the most common. The number of acute COVID-19 symptoms >= five and past history of COVID-19 were identified as significant predictors of long COVID.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Ewelina Hallmann et al.
Summary: The frequency of autoantibodies against ACE2 in patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 is not well-studied and limited to investigations on a small sample size. The presence of these antibodies may contribute to the long-lasting effects of COVID-19. This study assessed the prevalence of IgG autoantibodies against ACE2 in 1139 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and examined their relationship with severity, demographic characteristics, and influenza vaccination status.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Mathilde Horn et al.
Summary: This study investigated the frequency of persistent physical symptoms and Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) in patients with COVID-19 and their associated factors. The results showed that 10.4% of patients were considered to have SSD, and female sex, older age, infection during the second wave, and probable PTSD were associated with the severity of SSD. These findings are important for improving patient care and promoting a multidisciplinary approach.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jun Shao et al.
Summary: Personalized treatment strategies for cancer depend on the detection of genetic alterations using molecular biology assays. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have demonstrated great potential in assisting physicians with accurate diagnosis and integrating multimodal data for precision therapy. AI methods based on routine clinical scans or tissue images have become a hot topic for predicting gene mutations in actual clinical practice.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biology
Zaki A. Sherif et al.
Summary: Long COVID refers to the persistent and new onset symptoms, such as fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive dysfunction, that last for months and impact daily functioning after SARS-CoV-2 infection. PASC is highly heterogeneous and may be associated with multisystem tissue damage/dysfunction. Understanding the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of PASC is crucial for prevention and treatment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elizabeth Qi et al.
Summary: This exploratory study used both manual and machine learning approaches to search for a potential liquid biopsy signal for post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS). The study found rare cellular and acellular events consistent with endothelial cells and platelet structures in the PACS-suspected patients. The machine learning model showed high accuracy in distinguishing post-COVID patients from normal donors, but performed poorly in distinguishing patients suspected and not suspected of PACS.
Article
Psychiatry
Yoshihiro Noda et al.
Summary: The number of long-COVID patients is increasing rapidly. This study investigated the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment on neuropsychiatric symptoms caused by long-COVID. The findings suggest that TMS treatment can improve depressive symptoms, chronic fatigue, and cognitive impairment. Further randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Daisy Fancourt et al.
Summary: This study examined the onset and long-term trajectories of psychological symptoms in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. It found that depressive symptoms increased immediately following infection in both long- and short-COVID groups, but long-COVID patients experienced greater increases and higher levels of depression over a 22-month follow-up period. Anxiety symptoms were not significantly different between groups initially, but only the short-COVID group showed improvement over time, resulting in widening differences between the groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Josephine Heine et al.
Summary: This study explores the clinical characteristics, associated structural imaging changes, and influences on fatigue severity in patients with post-COVID syndrome. The findings reveal that the fatigue experienced by these patients is associated with structural changes in the thalamus and basal ganglia, providing insights into understanding post-COVID fatigue and related neuropsychiatric complications.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Steve Reiken et al.
Summary: This study provided evidence linking SARS-CoV-2 infection to TGF-beta signaling activation and oxidative overload in COVID-19 patients, as well as the activation of neuropathological pathways associated with AD. The leaky phenotype of RyR2 in COVID-19 brains may contribute to cognitive and behavioral defects. Targeting leaky RyR2 channels could potentially be a therapeutic strategy for alleviating cognitive impairments associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Arad Dotan et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has led to the widespread COVID-19 pandemic and has been found to possess autoimmune properties. Some recovered COVID-19 patients experience post-COVID-19 syndrome, which may be related to autoimmune-mediated autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Treatment options include immunomodulatory therapy and exercise therapy.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yamila Herrero et al.
Summary: The study revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may have adverse effects on ovarian function, leading to increased IgG antibodies in follicular fluid and alterations in key gene and protein expressions.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Feargal J. Ryan et al.
Summary: A study found that recovered individuals, even those with mild cases, may experience persistent symptoms for months after infection, known as long COVID. An integrated analysis of 69 patients recovering from COVID-19 revealed variations in cellular and gene expression levels that may explain the persistence of these long-term effects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yapeng Su et al.
Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is an emerging global crisis, and the quantifiable risk factors and biological associations are not well understood. In this study, a deep multi-omic investigation was conducted on 309 COVID-19 patients, and four PASC-anticipating risk factors were identified at the time of initial diagnosis. The study also observed changes in immune states during recovery from COVID-19.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dana Yelin et al.
Summary: This article provides guidelines for the assessment and management of individuals with persistent symptoms after acute COVID-19 infection, including a definition for 'long COVID'. The recommendations are based on a search of literature on epidemiology, symptoms, assessment, and treatment of long COVID. However, due to insufficient evidence, only conditional guidance is provided, and further high-quality research is recommended.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Fatih Karaarslan et al.
Summary: Approximately 3 in 5 patients had at least one symptom, with approximate to 2 in 5 patients experienced at least one rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptom. Fatigue, joint pain, and myalgia were the most frequent rheumatic and musculoskeletal symptoms.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Elina Larissa Petersen et al.
Summary: This study comprehensively assessed organ-specific functions in individuals after mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection and found subclinical multi-organ affection related to pulmonary, cardiac, thrombotic, and renal function. However, there were no signs of structural brain damage, neurocognitive impairment, or quality-of-life impairment.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Betty Raman et al.
Summary: Long COVID, characterized by persistent COVID-19 symptoms beyond 3 months, is expected to significantly affect the lives of millions worldwide. Cardiopulmonary symptoms are common, along with cardiovascular abnormalities such as inflammation, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. The pathophysiological mechanisms behind delayed complications are still not well understood, and COVID-19 is anticipated to alter the long-term trajectory of chronic cardiac diseases. Research is ongoing to evaluate treatment strategies for long COVID and its associated cardiovascular sequelae.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John W. Blackett et al.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qin Liu et al.
Summary: This study investigated the link between gut microbiome composition and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. The results showed that the gut microbiome of patients with long-term complications of COVID-19 differed significantly from that of non-COVID-19 controls and patients without post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manu Nayar et al.
Article
Immunology
Bavithra Vijayakumar et al.
Summary: Patients with persistent lung disease after COVID-19 discharge exhibit abnormal immune-proteomic profiles in the airways, characterized by elevated levels of proteins associated with cell death, tissue repair, and epithelial injury. The severity of airway dysfunction correlates with increased cytotoxic lymphocyte counts, while more extensive lung abnormalities are associated with elevated B cell numbers and altered monocyte subsets. Long-term follow-up indicates that these abnormalities resolve over time.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lin Zhang et al.
Summary: This study demonstrated that hospitalized COVID-19 patients receiving a novel gut microbiota-derived synbiotic formula (SIM01) as an adjuvant therapy showed accelerated antibody formation against SARS-CoV-2, reduced nasopharyngeal viral load, decreased pro-inflammatory immune markers, and restored gut dysbiosis.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Elda Righi et al.
Summary: Residual symptoms can persist for several months after COVID-19, affecting both physical and mental wellbeing. Age, hospitalization, and symptom duration are predictors of symptom persistence. This study helps identify target populations and plan long-term recovery interventions.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Grace Y. Lam et al.
Summary: Hospitalization is associated with pulmonary complications of long COVID but does not significantly impact the overall severity of long COVID.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Andrea Dressing et al.
Summary: During the long-term phase after COVID-19 infection, patients may experience cognitive deficits and fatigue. In this study, cognitive testing and brain glucose metabolism imaging showed minor impairments in cognitive domains and no distinct pathological changes. This differs from previous findings in subacute COVID-19 patients and may be related to the high prevalence of fatigue.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott A. Halperin et al.
Summary: The Ad5-nCoV vaccine showed a 57.5% efficacy against PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection at least 28 days post-vaccination and demonstrated safety in healthy adults aged 18 years and older during the phase 3 trial.
Article
Immunology
Chansavath Phetsouphanh et al.
Summary: Phetsouphanh and colleagues found that individuals with long COVID exhibit persistent activation of the immune system even 8 months after infection. They also identified a set of analytes associated with long COVID, suggesting potential opportunities for prevention and treatment.
Review
Immunology
Saurabh Mehandru et al.
Summary: This review examines the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID-19 syndromes, including persistent inflammation, induced autoimmunity, and putative viral reservoirs. The disease is called 'long-haul COVID' or 'post-COVID-19 syndrome', and clinical symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and neuropsychiatric syndromes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Xie et al.
Summary: Individuals with COVID-19, even those who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the infection, are at an increased long-term risk of various cardiovascular disorders. A study using national healthcare databases found that beyond the first 30 days after infection, individuals with COVID-19 have an elevated risk of developing cerebrovascular disorders, heart diseases, and other cardiovascular complications. The risk increases depending on the care setting during the acute phase.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Benjamin A. Satterfield et al.
Summary: This article emphasizes the need to focus on cardiovascular sequelae in survivors of COVID-19 and calls for prospective studies to understand and mitigate these lasting consequences, with resources provided to monitor and study this population in the coming years.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer Hammond et al.
Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David W. Eyre et al.
Summary: In this study, it was found that vaccination reduces the transmission risk of the Delta variant, but the protection of the vaccine decreases over time. The effectiveness of the vaccine is higher against the Alpha variant compared to the Delta variant.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Rosie Twomey et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the severity of fatigue and postexertional malaise in people living with long COVID. The findings suggest that long COVID is characterized by clinically relevant chronic fatigue and significant challenges related to postexertional symptom exacerbation. It is important to monitor and report these symptoms in clinical practice and interventions for people with long COVID.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Bavithra Vijayakumar et al.
Summary: COVID-19 survivors may experience persistent breathlessness and cough symptoms within 1 year after discharge. Chest CT scans showed persistent abnormalities in 56% of patients, with signs of fibrosis in a minority. Factors associated with more severe acute disease may contribute to CT abnormalities at 3-month follow-up.
Review
Virology
Shin Jie Yong et al.
Summary: COVID-19 survivors may develop long-COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairments. These symptoms can be classified into six subtypes based on existing literature, aiming to enhance the understanding of PCS.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Serena Spudich et al.
Summary: Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neurological symptoms is crucial.
Article
Biology
Thomas Sonnweber et al.
Summary: This study observed the respiratory and symptom recovery in COVID-19 patients during the follow-up period. The results showed that 49% of patients reported persistent symptoms at the 6-month follow-up. Structural lung abnormalities and impaired lung function were more common in severe cases. The study also found that early clinical indicators could predict the risk of incomplete pulmonary recovery.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Madu N. Soares et al.
Summary: Skeletal muscle-related symptoms, including weakness and exercise intolerance, are common in acute Covid-19 and PASC. Severe cases show muscle fibre atrophy, metabolic alterations, and immune cell infiltration. Contributing factors to weakness and fatigue include systemic inflammation, disuse, hypoxemia, and malnutrition. The mechanisms underlying muscle issues in PASC are more complex and may be related to direct viral infiltration or aberrant immune response. Further research is needed to understand the similarities with chronic fatigue syndrome.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joane Matta et al.
Summary: The study found that self-reported and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infections were associated with persistent physical symptoms, with the latter specifically linked to anosmia. It is suggested that persistent symptoms should not be automatically attributed to SARS-CoV-2, and a complete medical evaluation may be needed to properly identify the causes.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julia Bungenberg et al.
Summary: This study aimed to compare persisting self-reported symptoms in initially hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results showed that patients in both groups may experience mild deficits in cognitive and memory functions, and fatigue severity was associated with reduced performance in attention and quality of life, as well as more persisting symptoms. MRI examination revealed microbleeds exclusively in hospitalized patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lei Shi et al.
Summary: The study found that UC-MSC treatment has a positive effect on the long-term recovery of COVID-19 patients, improving lung lesions and reducing symptoms. Compared to the placebo group, more patients in the MSC group had normal CT images at 12 months.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bertram Pitt et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is characterized by dysregulation of the immune system and thrombosis. Traditional anticoagulation strategies may increase bleeding risk, so finding new strategies that can regulate the immune system and solve thrombosis issues would be beneficial. This commentary discusses the unique properties of low dose naltrexone (LDN) and suggests it could be a novel therapeutic strategy for COVID-19.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sana M. Khan et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Eleanor Alexandra Byrne
Summary: The resistance to compare Long Covid with historically stigmatized existing conditions may perpetuate the stigma associated with these conditions. This resistance needs to be broken down to facilitate the development of effective clinical resources and prevent the impact on patients' illness narratives.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jessica Seessle et al.
Summary: Long COVID, defined as persistent symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection, can last for at least 1 year and significantly impact life quality. Neurocognitive symptoms, possibly related to autoimmunity indicated by elevated ANA titers, are more common in females and can persist even when SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels are not significantly different from patients without symptoms.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michael C. Sneller et al.
Summary: This study aimed to characterize medical sequelae and persistent symptoms in COVID-19 survivors. The results showed a high burden of persistent symptoms after COVID-19, but extensive diagnostic evaluation did not reveal a specific cause in most cases. Women and individuals with a history of anxiety disorder had an increased risk for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael J. Peluso et al.
Summary: This study investigated the neuropathogenic mechanisms of long-COVID-19 by using a plasma system to quantify central nervous system proteins. The results showed that abnormal levels of certain proteins were associated with neuropsychiatric manifestations, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic trials of long-COVID-19.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Francisco Tejerina et al.
Summary: This study describes a cohort of patients who experienced a variety of symptoms four weeks after being diagnosed with COVID-19. The researchers found that 45% of these patients had detectable levels of the virus in their plasma, suggesting possible systemic viral persistence. Antiviral treatment was associated with better outcomes in these patients.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Felicia Ceban et al.
Summary: Post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms after resolution of acute infection, is associated with significant fatigue and cognitive impairment. This study aimed to quantify the proportion of individuals experiencing fatigue and cognitive impairment 12 or more weeks after COVID-19 diagnosis, and to explore the inflammatory and functional consequences of post-COVID-19 syndrome. The results showed that a significant proportion of individuals continue to experience fatigue and cognitive impairment even after 12 or more weeks of COVID-19 diagnosis. Additionally, some individuals showed elevated levels of inflammatory markers and significant functional impairment.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Luca Zanoli et al.
Summary: COVID-19 has mid- and long-term effects on vascular and cardiac autonomic function, with increased aortic pulse wave velocity and improved arterial stiffness.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Melitta A. McNarry et al.
Summary: This study investigated the potential rehabilitative role of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in COVID-19 recovery and found that IMT can lead to clinically meaningful improvements in breathlessness and chest symptoms, as well as enhance respiratory muscle strength and aerobic fitness.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andreas Zollner et al.
Summary: The study investigates whether the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antigen in infected tissues is responsible for postacute COVID-19 syndrome. The results suggest that viral antigen persistence may be the underlying cause of postacute COVID-19 and this concept should be validated in controlled clinical trials.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Beate Vestad et al.
Summary: Respiratory dysfunction after COVID-19 is associated with altered gut microbiota and persistently elevated LBP levels. Our results suggest a potential gut-lung axis that should be further investigated in relation to long-term pulmonary dysfunction and long COVID.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Manoj Sivan et al.
Summary: This study tested and modified the C19-YRS scale using Rasch analysis, incorporating new information on essential PCS symptoms and feedback from patients and professionals. The resulting C19-YRSm scale effectively assesses symptom severity, functional disability, additional symptoms, and overall health in PCS patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Virology
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Tomoya Tsuchida et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the changes in symptoms and antibody titers in patients with Long COVID after vaccination. Some patients experienced symptom relief, while others experienced worsening. The worsened group had a higher increase in antibody titers, indicating a possible link between excessive immune response and worsening of sequelae.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Virology
Panagiotis Giannos et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Milan Haffke et al.
Summary: A subset of PCS patients exhibit evidence of endothelial dysfunction with altered endothelial biomarkers. Different associations of the RHI with clinical parameters and varying biomarker profiles may suggest distinct pathomechanisms among patient subgroups.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Menni et al.
Summary: This study investigated the differences in symptom prevalence, risk of hospital admission, and symptom duration between omicron and delta variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study found that loss of smell was less common in omicron infections, sore throat was more common, and the rate of hospital admission was lower.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Nordstrom et al.
Summary: This retrospective cohort study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in individuals who had previously been infected with SARS-CoV-2. The study found that natural immunity provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 hospitalization for up to 20 months. Vaccination further reduced the risk of reinfection and hospitalization for up to 9 months, although the differences in absolute numbers, especially in hospitalizations, were small.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gwenaelle Douaud et al.
Summary: Through long-term observation of participants' MRI images, it was found that COVID-19 infection is associated with abnormal brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and a greater reduction in global brain size. Infected individuals also showed significant cognitive decline.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Choutka et al.
Summary: Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) represent a group of chronic illnesses with overlapping clinical features with chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This review summarizes the current knowledge of PAISs and discusses the need for basic biomedical research into the underlying mechanisms of these enigmatic chronic diseases, including the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly et al.
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew J. Morrow et al.
Summary: The post-hospitalization trajectory of COVID-19 patients includes persistent multisystem abnormalities and health impairments that may have a significant impact on healthcare service demand.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hadar Meringer et al.
Summary: The definition, frequency, and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal involvement in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome are not fully understood. This article discusses emerging evidence that supports immunological signatures and highlights the unique nature of the gastrointestinal tract in this syndrome.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Anna K. Luger et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the improvement of chest CT abnormalities 1 year after COVID-19 pneumonia. The study found that more than half of the participants still had CT abnormalities after 1 year, and age over 60, severe COVID-19 symptoms, and male sex were associated with persistent CT abnormalities at 1-year follow-up. During the follow-up period, about half of the participants had complete resolution of CT abnormalities, but some participants with abnormalities showed no further improvement after 6 months.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Marialuisa Bocchino et al.
Summary: This study aimed to illustrate the temporal change of lung abnormalities associated with COVID-19 pneumonia on chest CT scans over 1 year. The study found that residual lung abnormalities in individuals hospitalized with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia were infrequent, with no evidence of fibrosis at 1-year chest CT.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Josalyn L. Cho et al.
Summary: This study found that survivors of COVID-19 may experience small airways disease independently of the severity of their initial infection. The degree of air trapping in patients was correlated with the residual volume-to-total lung capacity ratio. The long-term consequences of these findings remain unknown.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Ilknur Col Madendag et al.
Summary: Based on this study and recent research on the impact of COVID-19 on ovarian reserve, it is suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 virus does not affect ovarian reserve. However, changes in menstrual status may be related to extreme immune response and inflammation, or psychological stress and anxiety caused by COVID-19. These changes are not permanent and resolve within a few months following the illness.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOMEDICINE ONLINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Camilla Costa Silva et al.
Summary: In long COVID-19, musculoskeletal system involvement is characterized by various symptoms, potentially due to cellular damage and hyperinflammatory state induced by virus infection. Additionally, cerebrovascular diseases, peripheral nervous system involvement, and certain factors in hospital treatment can exacerbate muscle damage.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad et al.
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Evangelos Oikonomou et al.
Summary: In this study, the immediate, intermediate, and long-term effects of COVID-19 on endothelial function were assessed. The results showed that COVID-19 patients developed endothelial dysfunction, which improved over a 6-month follow-up but remained impaired compared to healthy controls. Further research is needed to investigate whether the chronic dysregulation of endothelial function following COVID-19 is associated with a residual risk for cardiovascular and thrombotic events.
VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ibolya Rutkai et al.
Summary: COVID-19 infection can lead to neurological manifestations, and animal models can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. In this study, neuroinflammation, microhemorrhages, and brain hypoxia were observed in SARS-CoV-2 infected non-human primates, even in those without severe respiratory disease. These findings are important for understanding the neuropathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may help explain the neurological symptoms associated with long COVID.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viet-Thi Tran et al.
Summary: About 10% of people infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) experience post COVID-19 disease. This study analyzed data from a French disease cohort and found that among patients symptomatic after 2 months, 85% still reported symptoms one year after their symptom onset. Symptoms showed different trends over time, with some decreasing, some remaining stable, and some increasing in prevalence. The study provides important insights into the natural history of post COVID-19 disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Letizia Motti et al.
Summary: This review aims to explore the role of nutrient intake during different phases of COVID-19, including prevention, the acute phase, and long-term COVID.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zaira Kharaeva et al.
Summary: Food supplements based on fermented Carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia can alleviate post-COVID symptoms through immune-modulating, redox balancing, and pro-energy mechanisms.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ioannis Katsoularis et al.
Summary: A study in Sweden found that COVID-19 is a risk factor for deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding. The study used self-controlled case series and matched cohort studies to investigate 1,057,174 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daniel Ayoubkhani et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of long covid symptoms, and evidence suggested sustained improvement after a second dose, although longer follow-up is needed.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah E. Hughes et al.
Summary: This study described the development and validation of a novel patient reported outcome measure for symptom burden from long covid, called the Symptom Burden Questionnaire for Long Covid (SBQ-LC). The questionnaire consists of 17 independent scales and has promising psychometric properties. It can be used to evaluate the impact of interventions and inform best practices in clinical management.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Florent Besnier et al.
Summary: The COVID-Rehab study investigates the effectiveness of an eight-week cardiopulmonary rehabilitation program for long-term COVID-19 patients. The study examines multiple outcomes including cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, and cognition. The findings will provide important guidance for the rehabilitation of long-term COVID-19 patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Katherine M. Littlefield et al.
Summary: This study found that individuals with pulmonary post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) had higher frequencies of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in their blood compared to those who recovered from COVID-19. These elevated T cell frequencies were associated with increased systemic inflammation and decreased lung function. The findings provide mechanistic insight into the pathophysiology of pulmonary PASC and can inform the development of new treatments.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yan Xie et al.
Summary: This study found an increased risk and burden of incident diabetes and antihyperglycaemic use in people with COVID-19 in the post-acute phase compared to a contemporary control group. The risks and burdens of post-acute outcomes were related to the severity of the acute phase of COVID-19.
LANCET DIABETES & ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Lixue Huang et al.
Summary: With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, a study was conducted to characterize the longitudinal evolution of health outcomes in hospitalized survivors of COVID-19 over a period of 2 years. The study found that although most survivors recovered and returned to work within 2 years, a significant proportion of them experienced persistent symptoms and health problems. These findings emphasize the need for further research and interventions to understand and reduce the risk of long-term COVID-19.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Keir E. J. Philip et al.
Summary: This study found that participating in an online breathing and wellbeing program can improve the mental health component of health related quality-of-life and reduce breathlessness in individuals with persistent symptoms after COVID-19. Mind-body and music-based approaches may play a role in supporting recovery.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mar Guasp et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the diagnostic and prognostic role of inflammatory biomarkers in patients with acute COVID-19 and neurological manifestations. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in the serum and CSF of neuro-COVID patients. Neuroaxonal damage markers and cytokine levels were associated with disease severity and neurologic disability.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lara Bull-Otterson et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ingibjorg Magnusdottir et al.
Summary: This study investigated the long-term mental health of COVID-19 patients and found that severe illness is associated with long-term mental morbidity among recovering individuals. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring the mental health of patients with severe acute phases of COVID-19.
LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Barbara A. Hanson et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of neurologic symptoms in COVID-19 patients and their relationship with related factors. The results showed biochemical evidence of CNS injury in both hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients, and anxiety was associated with the extent of neurologic damage.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zheng Quan Toh et al.
Summary: This cohort study found that children with mild SARS-CoV-2 infection were less likely to have seroconversion compared to adults, despite similar viral loads. This has implications for understanding protection and interpreting serosurveys involving children.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Filippo G. Di Girolamo et al.
Summary: There is a strong association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and decreased muscle mass and function, possibly due to the effects of inflammation, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and muscle fatigue. Aging and muscle wasting or sarcopenic obesity are risk factors for severe acute COVID-19 and long-COVID-19 syndrome.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bernardo Meza-Torres et al.
Summary: This study analyzed primary care data to investigate the symptoms of long COVID after COVID-19 infection and found differences in symptom presentation between hospitalized and community infections. Diagnosis or referral for long COVID was associated with higher odds of presenting prespecified symptoms, and mental health sequelae were more common after hospital infections. Additionally, the study found that all-cause mortality in long COVID patients was associated with age, sex, and multimorbidity score, while vaccination was associated with reduced odds of mortality.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marija Pantelic et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sydney B. Stein et al.
Summary: This study provides new insights into the extent of COVID-19 infection in patients. It reveals that SARS-CoV-2 can be widely distributed throughout the body, including the brain, and can persist for up to 230 days, particularly in severe cases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Benjamin Bowe et al.
Summary: A new analysis using US Department of Veterans Affairs databases showed that reinfection is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, hospitalization and a wide range of long COVID complications in individuals who have had SARS-CoV-2 compared to those with no reinfection.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryan C. Thompson et al.
Summary: The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection are already detectable during the acute phase and are associated with specific gene expression patterns and immune response, including antibody levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Zhang et al.
Summary: This study utilized electronic health record data from two large cohorts to identify four reproducible subphenotypes of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. These subphenotypes were associated with patient demographics, underlying conditions before infection, and severity of acute infection.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Varun Venkataramani et al.
Summary: A study on the neural effects of brain fog after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals neuroinflammation in a mouse model, identifies a potential biomarker, and offers a framework for further investigation.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Anesthesiology
H. Shanthanna et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on chronic pain, particularly among vulnerable populations. The mechanisms of pain caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can be systemic, neuropathic, or secondary to the viral infection or treatment. New-onset chronic pain is common but decreases over time. Patients requiring intensive support are more susceptible to long COVID symptoms. Existing chronic pain management can offer symptomatic relief, but there is a need for research on mechanism-based treatments in multidisciplinary care.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Myoung Hwa Lee et al.
Summary: This autopsy study reveals the underlying mechanisms of brain microvascular pathology in patients with COVID-19, including vascular leakage, platelet aggregation, neuroinflammation, and neuronal injury, which are likely initiated by antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against brain endothelial cells.
Article
Immunology
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: Vaccination against COVID-19 has been shown to reduce the risk of certain outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not all outcomes. The age and number of vaccine doses may have an impact on the effectiveness of the vaccine.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Chun-Pai Yang et al.
Summary: This article systematically reviews the molecular mechanisms by which long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 or n-3 PUFAs) and their metabolites counteract the negative effects of long COVID on the brain, behavior, and immunity.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Abdullah O. Khan et al.
Summary: This study found that the interaction between pericytes and endothelial cells is disrupted in COVID-19 infection, leading to increased microvascular endothelial permeability, which may result in thrombotic and bleeding complications.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony Fernandez-Castaneda et al.
Summary: COVID survivors may experience lingering neurological symptoms similar to cognitive impairment related to cancer therapy. Research has found that respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause white-matter-selective microglial reactivity and affect neurogenesis and CCL11 levels.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer Kao et al.
Summary: New findings explain the mechanism behind cognitive impairments in long COVID, suggesting that glial dysregulation and neural circuit dysfunction play a role.
Review
Virology
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: This study compared the prevalence of long-COVID symptoms according to relevant SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 survivors, finding that individuals infected with the historical variant are more likely to develop long-COVID symptomatology, while patients infected with the Omicron variant have the lowest prevalence of long-COVID symptoms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qi Su et al.
Summary: Using fecal metagenomics data from 2,320 individuals, the authors develop a microbiome-based machine learning approach that shows high accuracy in diagnosing multiple diseases, highlighting its potential in improving non-invasive diagnostics and monitoring treatment response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qin Liu et al.
Summary: By integrating clinical features and multi-omics data, the authors identified specific gut microbiome patterns associated with disease severity and development of post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. These findings highlight the potential utility of host phenotype and multi-kingdom microbiota profiling as a prognostic tool for patients with COVID-19.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Natalie Thomas et al.
Summary: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/ Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex disease with severe and disabling symptoms that primarily affects women. The development and symptoms of ME/CFS are influenced by sex chromosomes, sex hormones and endocrine events, such as menstrual cycle fluctuations, pregnancy, post-partum and perimenopause. There are also neuroendocrine systems implicated in ME/CFS, including changes in estrogen, progesterone compounds, aldosterone, and cortisol levels, which show sex differences. The effects of steroid hormones may contribute to the diversity of symptoms observed in ME/CFS patients. It is important to further investigate the role of sex, age and steroid biology in ME/CFS.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Paula Gabrielli dos Santos et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the time between symptom onset and first positive RT-PCR result for COVID-19. The overall mean time was found to be 6.72 days. The best performance of the test was on days 22-24, with 98% of results being positive.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charlotte Szewczykowski et al.
Summary: The presence of GPCR-AAbs in long COVID patients may be linked to impaired retinal capillary microcirculation, potentially reflecting systemic microcirculation and leading to clinical symptoms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Elena Azzolini et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexandra C. Fietsam et al.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alan Cash et al.
Summary: This study examined the use of high-dose AEO as a medical food to relieve pathological fatigue in ME/CFS and Long-COVID patients. The results showed significant reductions in physical and mental fatigue after 6 weeks of treatment, suggesting that AEO may be an effective treatment option.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aranka V Ballering et al.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Michela Antonelli et al.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Justin T. Reese et al.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Raffaele Izzo et al.
Summary: This survey indicates that supplementation with L-Arginine and Vitamin C has beneficial effects on Long-COVID symptoms, attenuating the symptoms and improving effort perception.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Lisa D. Hawke et al.
Summary: This systematic review examines currently registered trials on interventions for mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing in patients with long COVID. The study found that the research in this area is still limited and calls for further expansion to generate high-quality evidence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Justin J. Frere et al.
Summary: This study compared the short- and long-term systemic responses after SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and found that SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe and lasting lung and kidney damage compared to IAV. It also uniquely affected the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium. Despite viral clearance, the olfactory bulb and epithelium showed sustained transcriptional changes and correlated with behavioral changes, providing insights into the persistent symptoms of COVID-19.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saba Islam et al.
Summary: The authors report the presence of toxic clumps of protein in the COVID-19 virus that resemble amyloid assemblies found in Alzheimer's disease. They suggest that these clumps may play a role in the neurological symptoms observed in long-COVID.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamin Kye Jyn Tan et al.
Summary: This study aims to investigate the recovery rate of smell and taste in patients with COVID-19, the proportion of patients with persistent dysfunction, and the prognostic factors associated with recovery. The findings suggest that a substantial proportion of patients may experience long-term changes in their sense of smell or taste, contributing to the burden of long COVID.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ramandip Grewal et al.
Summary: This study estimated the marginal effectiveness of a fourth dose compared to a third dose of mRNA covid-19 vaccines and the vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against the omicron variant. The results showed that a fourth dose improved protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness increased with each additional dose.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maria Alice Freitas Queiroz et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of age, comorbidities, and cytokine synthesis on COVID-19 patients. The results showed that advanced age, comorbidities, and elevated serum IL-6 levels are associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, long COVID-19 has a specific cytokine profile.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Anna Maria Martone et al.
Summary: The prevalence of sarcopenia is high in patients recovered from COVID-19 acute illness, particularly in those with persistent symptoms like fatigue, dyspnea, and joint pain. Physical activity, especially when combined with adequate nutrition, appears to be an important protective factor.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Daniel Munblit et al.
Summary: This international consensus study aims to identify the core outcomes of post-COVID-19 condition, providing a standardized assessment framework for clinical care and global research.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Omar Khoja et al.
Summary: This review discusses the features and characteristics of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain in Long COVID patients. Understanding of the prevalence, characteristics, and underlying mechanisms of MSK pain in Long COVID is currently limited. MSK pain in Long COVID can be localized or widespread, with no clear progression pattern over time. Female gender and higher BMI may be potential risk factors for MSK pain, but age and ethnicity do not have a clear association. Several pathophysiological mechanisms, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, immune cell hyperactivation, direct viral entry into neurological and MSK system cells, and psychological factors, have been hypothesized to contribute to MSK pain in Long COVID.
JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Pietro De Luca et al.
Summary: This study investigated the effects of treatment with PEA-LUT on olfactory dysfunction and mental clouding in patients with long COVID. The results showed that PEA-LUT therapy significantly improved odor identification scores and reduced the prevalence of parosmia and mental clouding.
Article
Microbiology
Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas et al.
Summary: This study compared the symptoms during the acute phase of infection and post-COVID-19 symptoms between individuals hospitalized with different variants of SARS-CoV-2. The study found differences in symptoms between individuals infected with the Wuhan, Alpha, or Delta variant, with the Wuhan variant showing a greater number of symptoms at hospital admission and the Delta variant showing differences in onset symptoms. However, fatigue was a common post-COVID-19 symptom regardless of the variant.
Review
Oncology
Jana Lipkova et al.
Summary: In oncology, the integration of multimodal data in artificial intelligence (AI) models is crucial for improving diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Current AI models primarily operate within a single modality, neglecting the broader clinical context. By incorporating different data modalities, AI models can enhance their robustness and accuracy, bringing them closer to clinical practice.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Abdul Mannan Baig
Summary: Neurological features are frequently observed in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and can overlap with non-neural symptoms, making the definitive diagnosis of neuro-COVID challenging. The direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the brain and the involvement of neuroinflammatory factors contribute to neurological disabilities in both acute COVID-19 and Long-COVID syndrome patients.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Wulf Hanson et al.
Summary: This study estimated the proportion and duration of Long COVID symptoms in individuals with symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020 and 2021. The results showed differences in the prevalence and duration of Long COVID symptoms across different age and gender groups.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexandra Kachaner et al.
Summary: This study assessed the diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) in patients with long-lasting neurological symptoms after mild COVID. The results showed that a majority of patients met the diagnostic criteria for SSD and may require specific management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maitray A. Patel et al.
Summary: This study investigated vascular transformation biomarkers in patients with Long-COVID and found that these biomarkers were significantly elevated. Using machine learning, a unique two biomarker profile consisting of ANG-1/P-SEL was developed, providing a classification accuracy for Long-COVID status of 96%.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Valentina Trimarco et al.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Trisha Greenhalgh et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Dapeng Li et al.
Summary: This study investigated the long-term health outcomes of COVID-19 survivors up to 2 years after infection. The findings showed that 36.6% of patients had at least one symptom of long COVID, 35.0% still had at least one psychological symptom, 50.7% had radiographic abnormalities, and 24.0% had abnormal pulmonary function test results. Persistent abnormalities in kidney and liver function tests were also observed in a subset of participants after discharge.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John W. Blackett et al.
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between gut microbiome tryptophan metabolism, 5-HT signaling, and the development of GI and mental health symptoms after COVID-19. The findings suggest that a reduction in 5-HT signaling mediated by the gut microbiome during acute COVID-19 may contribute to long-term symptoms. Further research is needed to explore potential modifications to reduce post-COVID symptoms.
CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yongbiao Lv et al.
Summary: This study identified common gene interaction networks between Long COVID and ME/CFS, and predicted potential therapeutic drugs through bioinformatics analysis. These findings help to uncover the potential biological mechanisms underlying the connection between Long COVID and ME/CFS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Daniel Alexander Bizjak et al.
Summary: This study investigated the use of kynurenine as an inflammatory marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Long-/Post-COVID syndrome. The results showed that serum and saliva kynurenine levels are reflective of the acute and long-term pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection, making it a potential useful biomarker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Long-/Post-COVID syndrome and its therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Vogl et al.
Summary: This study reveals distinct antibody responses against gut microbiota in patients with severe ME/CFS compared to healthy controls. Machine learning algorithms utilizing these differences provide improved molecular diagnostics for ME/CFS, indicating the involvement of the microbiota-immune axis in its pathogenesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vamsi P. Guntur et al.
Summary: Exercise intolerance is a common symptom in patients with post-acute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection (PASC), also known as long-COVID. This study aimed to determine if the metabolic disturbances observed in acute COVID-19 patients are also present in PASC. The results showed that PASC patients have altered fatty acid metabolism and dysfunctional mitochondrial lipid catabolism, which may contribute to exercise intolerance. These findings provide insights into the metabolic changes associated with PASC and suggest potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anna-Lisa Sorg et al.
Summary: The study found that the risk of ME/CFS in children and adolescents due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely to be very small. Extensive lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may explain the presence of complex non-specific symptoms.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Roy H. Perlis et al.
Summary: This study suggests that long COVID is prevalent and associated with female gender and older age, while completion of the primary vaccination series prior to infection may reduce the risk of long COVID.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Chengdi Wang et al.
Summary: In this study, a deep learning-based medical image interpretation system, DeepMRD(TR), was developed for the diagnosis of major respiratory diseases by automatically identifying radiological abnormalities from CT and CXR images. The system showed promise in accurately identifying abnormalities and diagnosing major respiratory diseases, demonstrating potential for clinical application in facilitating early diagnosis and supporting improved clinical decision-making.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael Fleischer et al.
Summary: Through a prospective observational cohort study, subjective neurological disturbances in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome were better defined and validated. The study found that while patients frequently reported symptoms like fatigue, difficulties in concentration, and memory deficits, objective neurological abnormalities were rare in this syndrome.
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xun Wang et al.
Summary: A fundamental issue in regenerative medicine is whether there are endogenous mechanisms that regulate the speed and efficiency of the repair process. This study discovers a maturation checkpoint in muscle regeneration regulated by Mfn2 and HIF1α activity, which can delay or accelerate the process.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shi-ting He et al.
Summary: COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection can have long-term effects on humans, even weeks to 2 years after recovery. SARS-CoV-2 infects various cells in the body, leading to damages and lasting immune response, which are the basis of long COVID. Changes in gene expression caused by viral infection can also contribute to long COVID. The article summarizes the common and uncommon occurrences of long COVID, including damages to the lungs, respiratory system, olfactory and taste deficiencies, myocardial and renal damages, muscle damages, and enduring inflammation. Potential treatments for long COVID symptoms in different organs and systems are provided based on the pathogenesis and associations between symptoms. Furthermore, the differences in symptoms and frequency of long COVID caused by breakthrough infection after vaccination and infection with different variants of concern are compared, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of long COVID characteristics and propose improvements for tackling COVID-19.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Michael Hultstrom et al.
Summary: This study found that dehydration in COVID-19 patients is associated with a negative impact on health, leading to an aestivation response, protein degradation, and long-term physical COVID symptoms.
Article
Psychiatry
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with increased risks of neurological and psychiatric sequelae. The duration of these risks, their impact on children and adults, and the differences in risk profiles among SARS-CoV-2 variants remain unclear. A 2-year retrospective cohort study analyzed data from electronic health records of COVID-19 patients and found that the risk trajectories differed based on age and outcome. While the risk of mood and anxiety disorders returned to baseline after 1-2 months, the risks of cognitive deficit, dementia, psychotic disorders, and epilepsy or seizures remained increased at the end of the 2-year follow-up period. Children had a more benign overall profile of psychiatric risk but sustained higher risk for certain diagnoses. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the individual and population-level risks of neurological and psychiatric disorders after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Medical Informatics
Emily R. Pfaff et al.
Summary: Long COVID has had a severe impact on patient and societal recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. This study developed machine learning models to accurately identify potential long COVID patients using electronic health records. Important features in identifying long COVID included healthcare utilization rate, patient age, dyspnea, and other diagnosis and medication information.
LANCET DIGITAL HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Woo Park et al.
Summary: COVID-19's long-term effects, known as "Long COVID," raise concerns about persistent symptoms of the nervous system, such as anosmia. The exact mechanisms behind olfactory dysfunctions caused by COVID-19 remain unknown since the virus cannot invade olfactory receptor neurons. This review explores leading hypotheses to gain insights into the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for anosmia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bin Wang et al.
Summary: This article explores the relationship between host microbiota and COVID-19, as well as the role of microbiota in modulating host immune responses. Additionally, it reviews and discusses various microbiota-based treatments for COVID-19 and PACS, including fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, microbiota-derived metabolites, and engineered symbiotic bacteria.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Stephan Nopp et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation on COVID-19 patients. The results showed that personalized interdisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation improved exercise capacity, functional status, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with long COVID.
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Qian Zhao et al.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Benjamin Davido et al.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carl Wahlgren et al.
Summary: This report describes and objectivizes reported problems among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, finding a variety of symptoms involving different functions that require further rehabilitative interventions for 16% of the patients. The study emphasizes the importance of thorough examination, especially for symptoms like fatigue and breathlessness, as well as robust neurocognitive testing.
Review
Oncology
Kevin M. Boehm et al.
Summary: Advancements in quantitative biomarker development have accelerated insights for cancer patients, but integrated approaches across modalities remain underdeveloped. To succeed, efforts in data engineering, computational methods for heterogeneous data analysis, and instantiation of synergistic data models in biomedical research are necessary.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2022)
Letter
Virology
Tadao Aikawa et al.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Stephen J. Halpin et al.
Summary: This study is the first report from the United Kingdom on post-discharge symptoms in COVID-19 survivors, identifying fatigue, breathlessness, and psychological distress as common symptoms that require planning of rehabilitation services for appropriate management.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claudia Carvalho-Schneider et al.
Summary: In noncritical COVID-19 patients, most individuals continued to experience symptoms up to 2 months after symptom onset, with the main complaints being anosmia/ageusia, dyspnoea, or asthenia. Factors associated with persistent symptoms included age 40-60 years old, hospital admission, and abnormal auscultation at symptom onset.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhigang Hu et al.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emily Brigham et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Dario Pellegrini et al.
Summary: Analysis of heart tissue from 40 deceased COVID-19 patients revealed that microthrombi were the most common pathological cause of myocyte necrosis. Female patients with chronic kidney disease and shorter symptom onset to admission time were more likely to have myocyte necrosis. Tailored antithrombotic strategies may be useful to counteract the cardiac effects of COVID-19 infection.
Article
Immunology
Maria Skaalum Petersen et al.
Summary: The study showed that over half of COVID-19 patients still had at least one symptom persisting after an average of 125 days post-symptom onset, with fatigue, loss of smell and taste, and arthralgias being the most prevalent persistent symptoms. At the last follow-up, 46.9% of patients were asymptomatic compared to only 4.4% during the acute phase. Continued monitoring for long COVID is necessary.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
E. Guedj et al.
Summary: In long COVID patients, brain PET scans showed significant hypometabolism in areas including bilateral rectal/orbital gyrus, temporal lobe, brainstem, and cerebellum. These metabolic abnormalities were associated with more functional complaints such as hyposmia/anosmia, memory/cognitive impairment, pain, and insomnia. The study suggests a potential biomarker value in identifying and monitoring long COVID patients, with implications for the impact of ACE drugs and nasal decongestant spray on brain metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Tori Vigeland Lerum et al.
Summary: The long-term pulmonary outcomes of COVID-19 after 3 months of hospital admission include chest CT opacities and reduced diffusing capacity in one-fourth of the participants. ICU patients did not show significant differences in dyspnoea scores and lung function, but had a higher prevalence of abnormal chest CT findings.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yun Kit Yeoh et al.
Summary: This study found that the gut microbiome composition was significantly altered in patients with COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 individuals, regardless of medication received. Certain gut commensals known for their immunomodulatory potential were underrepresented in patients and remained low even after disease resolution. Additionally, the altered gut microbiome composition correlated with disease severity and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines and blood markers.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tim Robbins et al.
Summary: Long COVID-related fatigue can be debilitating, and may affect young people who were previously in economic employment. The results suggest potential benefits of HBOT for improving fatigue, global cognition, executive function, attention, information processing, and verbal function in patients with long COVID.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oscar Moreno-Perez et al.
Summary: This study found that Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome was detected in about half of COVID-19 survivors, with mostly mild symptoms. Radiological and spirometric changes were observed in less than 25% of patients, and no baseline clinical features behaved as independent predictors of Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome development.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Jody E. Hooper et al.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chaolin Huang et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the long-term health consequences of discharged COVID-19 patients and associated risk factors, particularly disease severity. Patients with more severe illness during hospitalization showed more severe impaired pulmonary diffusion capacities and abnormal chest imaging manifestations, highlighting the need for targeted interventions for long-term recovery.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gaebler et al.
Summary: After infection with SARS-CoV-2, antibody levels against the spike protein decrease significantly, but the number of memory B cells remain unchanged, indicating an evolving humoral response at 6.2 months after infection.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thomas J. Montine et al.
Summary: Cognitive impairment and dementia are increasingly prevalent in older adults, posing a public health disaster if effective interventions are not developed. Brain regional damage is caused by a mix of prevalent diseases and (mal)adaptive responses, with existing therapeutics focusing on enhancing resilience. Future tailored interventions targeting mechanisms of damage may be key to averting the surge of cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Xiaoyu Han et al.
Summary: The study found that over one-third of severe COVID-19 patients showed fibrotic-like changes in the lung at 6-month follow-up CT, which were associated with older age, acute respiratory distress syndrome, longer hospital stays, tachycardia, noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and higher initial chest CT score.
Article
Respiratory System
David T. Arnold et al.
Summary: The study found that most COVID-19 patients still experienced persistent symptoms and limitations in physical ability during the recovery period, but clinically significant abnormalities in chest radiograph, exercise tests, blood tests, and spirometry were less frequent, especially in patients who did not require supplementary oxygen during their acute infection.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Waqaar Shah et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
News Item
Critical Care Medicine
Priya Venkatesan
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Michael J. Peluso et al.
Summary: This study found that persistent immune activation may be associated with ongoing symptoms following COVID-19, with cytokine levels during early recovery period being related to the development of PASC. This suggests potential therapeutic targets for those experiencing PASC.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mazza Mario Gennaro et al.
Summary: The mental health implications and cognitive status of COVID-19 pneumonia survivors were prospectively evaluated one and three months after hospital discharge. 35.8% of patients still self-rated symptoms in the clinical range in at least one psychopathological dimension at three months post-discharge. Baseline systemic immune-inflammation index predicted self-rated depressive symptomatology and cognitive impairment at three-months follow-up.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jose-Ramon Blanco et al.
Summary: This study aimed to describe lung function in patients recovering from COVID-19 hospitalization and to identify biomarkers in serum and induced sputum samples from these patients. A total of 100 patients with respiratory function tests were included in the study, with 47% of patients experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms and 48% of patients having normal CT results.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon Cauchemez et al.
Article
Virology
Jan Van Elslande et al.
Summary: The study found that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 decreased gradually after 2 months, with significantly higher levels in severe patients compared to mild cases. 70.6% of severe patients remained antibody-positive up to eight months after infection, while 61.1% of mild patients became seronegative within six months.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carole H. Sudre et al.
Summary: Reports on long-lasting COVID-19 symptoms, known as 'long COVID', are increasing. Analysis of data from over 4,000 COVID-19 cases revealed that long COVID is more common in older individuals, those with higher body mass index, and females. Experiencing more than five symptoms in the first week of illness was associated with long COVID. A simple model showed promise in distinguishing between short and long COVID cases early in the disease.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
S. Mannur et al.
Summary: COVID-19 can impair male fertility, clinicians should regularly assess patients' reproductive health and men undergoing assisted reproductive technology should be tested for COVID-19 before procedures.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Bing Sun et al.
Summary: A study showed increased levels of plasma cytokines and nEV proteins in individuals recovering from COVID-19, potentially leading to neuronal dysfunction, especially in patients with neurological issues and those recovering from the infection. Longitudinal studies are needed to monitor these biomarkers to assess neural damage and systemic effects.
News Item
Medicine, General & Internal
Ingrid Torjesen
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Vineet Chopra et al.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ann M. Parker et al.
Summary: As of July 31, 2021, nearly 200 million people worldwide have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, leading to substantial burden of long-term health effects such as fatigue, dyspnoea, cognitive and mental health impairments. A coordinated, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to address these complex health impairments.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology
Ibrahim Almufarrij et al.
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the relationship between COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms, finding multiple reports linking COVID-19 with hearing loss, tinnitus, and rotatory vertigo, but highlights a lack of high-quality studies comparing cases and controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AUDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michele Gobbi et al.
Summary: This study investigated the impact of sarcopenia on body composition, muscle strength, and functional parameters in post-acute COVID-19 patients in a rehabilitation unit. The results showed improvements in these areas after a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program, suggesting that monitoring muscle mass and strength is crucial for predicting rehabilitation outcomes in post-acute COVID-19 patients. Early diagnosis of sarcopenia is therefore essential for managing post-acute COVID-19 patients effectively.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Eleni Korompoki et al.
Summary: Long COVID, characterized by persistent or new symptoms in COVID-19 survivors, can involve all body systems and have a negative impact on mental health and quality of life. Despite unclear pathogenesis, early recognition and thorough follow-up are essential for holistic treatment of survivors.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Philipp Enghard et al.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lars Christian Lund et al.
Summary: This study examined prescription drug and healthcare utilization among individuals in Denmark who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 but did not require hospital admission. The study found that these individuals had a low risk of severe post-acute complications, but showed increases in visits to general practitioners and outpatient hospital visits, indicating potential COVID-19 sequelae.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacqueline H. Becker et al.
Summary: This study aims to examine rates of cognitive impairment among COVID-19 survivors and investigate the association between care setting and cognitive impairment rates.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eric Y. Wang et al.
Summary: COVID-19 patients show increased autoantibody reactivities against immunomodulatory proteins, which may affect immune function and lead to different clinical outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ziyad Al-Aly et al.
Summary: This study comprehensively describes the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 using national healthcare databases, finding increased risk of death and use of health resources beyond the first 30 days of illness, as well as incident sequelae in various organ systems, increased use of therapeutic agents, and evidence of laboratory abnormalities. The findings show a risk gradient according to the severity of acute COVID-19 infection and highlight the burden of health loss experienced by patients who survive the acute phase.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ani Nalbandian et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Niamh Phelan et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted women's reproductive health, leading to changes in menstrual cycles, worsening premenstrual symptoms, and the emergence of other discomfort symptoms. Many women experienced weight gain, worsened diet, increased work hours, and negative effects on their emotional and mental health during the pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sean Wei Xiang Ong et al.
Summary: A study conducted in Singapore involving 288 COVID-19 patients revealed that approximately 10% of recovered patients still experienced persistent symptoms 6 months after the initial infection. The immune cytokine profiles of recovered patients indicated ongoing chronic inflammation and angiogenesis. Monitoring for long-term health consequences in COVID-19 patients is recommended.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Guangyu Wang et al.
Summary: An automated deep-learning pipeline was developed for standardizing chest X-ray images, visualizing lesions, and diagnosing diseases, which can identify viral pneumonia caused by COVID-19, assess its severity, and distinguish it from other types of pneumonia. The system showed high discriminative abilities across different types of pneumonia and performed comparably to senior radiologists, indicating its potential to support clinical decision-making and facilitate early intervention.
NATURE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ting Ding et al.
Summary: The study revealed that COVID-19 may impact ovarian function in reproductive-aged women, leading to ovarian injury and reproductive endocrine disorders. Extra attention should be paid to the ovarian function of this population during the pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Etheresia Pretorius et al.
Summary: Individuals with Long COVID/PASC may exhibit persistent symptoms due to the presence of persistent circulating plasma microclots that are resistant to fibrinolysis, including fatigue, shortness of breath, sleep issues, and anxiety or depression.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Robert Naeije et al.
Summary: Patients recovering from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection often experience persistent symptoms lasting for months. Those with long COVID show abnormal cardiopulmonary exercise test profiles, indicating deconditioning and hyperventilation tendencies.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tahereh Donyavi et al.
Summary: This study aimed to identify specific miRNA profiles that can be used as biomarkers to differentiate acute COVID-19 cases, healthy individuals, and those in the post-acute phase. The results showed that miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-3p, and let-7b-3p were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals, with potential for high sensitivity and specificity in COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring. MiR-29a-3p and miR-146a-3p also showed promise as biomarkers for distinguishing acute from post-acute phases of COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Leonard B. Weinstock et al.
Summary: This study found that MCA symptoms were increased in LC patients after COVID-19 and mimicked the symptoms and severity reported by MCAS patients. This suggests that increased activation of aberrant mast cells induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection may underlie part of the pathophysiology of LC.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi et al.
Summary: Patients with long COVID experience a wide range of physical and mental symptoms, with common issues including fatigue, shortness of breath, and headaches. Beyond symptoms and complications, they often report impaired quality of life, mental health issues, and employment problems.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Helen Fogarty et al.
Summary: The study found that endothelial cell activation may persist in convalescent COVID-19 patients and may contribute to the pathogenesis of long COVID. This sustained endotheliopathy was more common in older, comorbid patients, and those requiring hospitalization, indicating a potential link between endothelial dysfunction and long-term COVID symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bjorn Blomberg et al.
Summary: An analysis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bergen, Norway, revealed that a high proportion of patients experienced long-term COVID symptoms at 6 months, even though they were relatively young and had only mild to moderate acute COVID-19 symptoms. This highlights the significance of infection control measures, such as vaccination.
Editorial Material
Urology & Nephrology
Sachin Yende et al.
Summary: Kidney involvement is common in acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, with subclinical inflammation and injury potentially leading to chronic kidney disease. Further research is crucial to understanding these long-term consequences and finding interventions to mitigate them.
NATURE REVIEWS NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joome Suh et al.
Summary: In patients who died after SARS-CoV-2 infection, muscle and nerve tissues showed various pathological changes, predominantly indicating inflammatory/immune-mediated damage possibly related to cytokine release. There was no evidence of direct viral invasion of these tissues.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Gunster et al.
Summary: This study provides a detailed account of hospitalized COVID-19 patients up to 180 days after their initial hospital admission. The results show significant long-term all-cause mortality and readmission rates, especially among patients with coagulopathy. Women have a better clinical outcome compared to men.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Joshua J. Solomon et al.
Summary: The acute course of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic infection to fulminant respiratory failure, with potential long-term lung disease including persistent symptoms and CT abnormalities. Treatments under investigation include antifibrotic agents for prevention of lung fibrosis after COVID-19.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony L. Komaroff et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to chronic and acute diseases, with postacute sequelae including potential organ damage and symptoms, as well as a post-COVID19 syndrome called 'long COVID' resembling ME/CFS symptoms.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Farahnaz Joukar et al.
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the nasopharyngeal, blood, urine, and stool samples of COVID-19 patients. Results showed no evidence of viral genetic materials in nasopharyngeal samples immediately after discharged. Further investigations on a larger sample size in multi-center and prospective RCTs are recommended to evaluate the effects of different drugs on viral shedding.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Harry Crook et al.
Summary: The long-term effects of covid-19 can affect multiple systems in the body, leading to persistent symptoms that impact patients of varying severity. These symptoms include fatigue, dyspnea, and cognitive impairment, among others. Studies discuss risk factors for acute and long covid, as well as potential therapeutic options.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Amy D. Proal et al.
Summary: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has led to a pandemic of COVID-19, with some patients developing persistent symptoms known as Long COVID or PASC. These patients may have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, such as organ damage, persistent viral reservoirs, re-activation of pathogens, and immune dysregulation. Therapeutic approaches may need to be individualized to effectively manage care for specific patients with PASC.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tom Aschman et al.
Summary: Patients who died with severe COVID-19 showed signs of myositis ranging from mild to severe, with skeletal muscle inflammation associated with the duration of illness and more pronounced than cardiac inflammation. Detection of viral load in muscles was low, suggesting a postinfectious, immune-mediated myopathy associated with SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Davies Adeloye et al.
Summary: An international consensus exercise was conducted to identify research priorities for understanding the long-term effects of acute COVID-19, focusing on individuals with pre-existing airways disease. High priority was given to investigations on prognostic scores at hospital admission and morbidity at 3 months and 12 months after hospital discharge, as well as comparisons of prevalence and severity of post-COVID-19 symptoms between patients with and without pre-existing airways disease.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Laurens J. Ceulemans et al.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yanfei He et al.
Summary: The likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of COVID-19 patients is very small, but the disease may cause testicular spermatogenic dysfunction via immune or inflammatory reactions. Long-term follow-up is needed for COVID-19 male patients and fetuses conceived during the father's infection period.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
John P. Haran et al.
Summary: In a study, it was found that patients with long COVID had higher abundance of bacteria in the oral microbiome that can induce inflammation, such as Prevotella and Veillonella genera. These microbes may be related to the development of ongoing symptoms in patients, and the oral microbiome of long COVID patients resembled that of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hannah E. Davis et al.
Summary: Patients with Long COVID report prolonged, multisystem involvement and significant disability. By seven months, many patients have not yet recovered (mainly from systemic and neurological/cognitive symptoms), have not returned to previous levels of work, and continue to experience significant symptom burden.
Article
Immunology
John S. Tregoning et al.
Summary: The development and rollout of vaccines have brought hope for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, with vaccines proving highly effective in preventing disease. However, challenges remain in ensuring equitable access to vaccines globally, as well as lessons to be learned for controlling pandemics in the future.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Andrology
Eliyahu Kresch et al.
Summary: The study identified the presence of COVID-19 virus in penile tissue long after initial infection, as well as suggested that widespread endothelial cell dysfunction from COVID-19 infection may contribute to erectile dysfunction. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the molecular mechanisms by which COVID-19 infection leads to ED.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy L. Wong et al.
Summary: Early studies on long COVID symptoms show significant overlaps with ME/CFS, highlighting the need for monitoring and treatment. Further research into the similarities and differences between long COVID and ME/CFS is warranted.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: Our study provides evidence of significant neurological and psychiatric morbidity in the 6 months following COVID-19 infection. The risks were highest in patients with severe COVID-19. This information could assist in service planning and research priority identification.
Article
Respiratory System
Swapna Mandal et al.
Summary: Following discharge from hospital, a significant number of COVID-19 patients continue to experience persistent symptoms such as breathlessness, cough, fatigue, and depression. Some patients also show elevated levels of biomarkers indicating ongoing health issues. Chest radiographs reveal abnormalities in a considerable portion of patients, with a small percentage showing deterioration.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chengdi Wang et al.
Summary: Since the first description of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a pandemic, affecting over 100 million people globally. This review summarized the current knowledge in epidemiology, virology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development, providing specific dates for key developments. The world is working together to combat this pandemic, highlighting the rapid evolution of research and development in these areas.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Betty Raman et al.
Summary: The study found that COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital still experience breathlessness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and mental health issues. MRI revealed abnormalities in multiple organs, which were linked to inflammation and severity of acute illness.
Article
Rehabilitation
Mara Paneroni et al.
Summary: This cross-sectional study evaluated skeletal muscle strength and physical performance in hospitalized patients recovering from COVID-19 pneumonia. The study found a high prevalence of impairment in muscle strength and physical performance, suggesting the need for rehabilitation programs after discharge.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE & REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Maxime Taquet et al.
Summary: This study found that survivors of COVID-19 appear to be at increased risk of psychiatric sequelae, and a psychiatric diagnosis might be an independent risk factor for COVID-19. These findings have implications for clinical services, and prospective cohort studies are warranted to further validate the results.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Dennis et al.
Summary: A study conducted in two UK community centers found that 70% of individuals with persistent symptoms following recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection had impairment in one or more organs 4 months after initial COVID-19 symptoms. Common symptoms included fatigue, muscle aches, breathlessness, and headaches.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lei Pan et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2020)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Liang Chen et al.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kang Zhang et al.
Letter
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Furong Liu et al.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Rinse K. Weersma et al.
Article
Orthopedics
Nathaniel P. Disser et al.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2020)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yijin Wang et al.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tao Chen et al.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maximilian Ackermann et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Oliver J. McElvaney et al.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Mario Gennaro Mazza et al.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Letter
Cell Biology
Bao-Zhong Zhang et al.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mark W. Tenforde et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2020)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelo Carfi et al.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Nathalie Van Aerde et al.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bjorn Bragee et al.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jingwei Li et al.
PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mengyuan Liu et al.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Huan Han et al.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Oncology
Wenya Linda Bi et al.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2019)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
B. H. Shaw et al.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huiying Liang et al.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Eleonora Grandi et al.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2019)
Article
Allergy
Catherine R. Weiler et al.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
A. Fedorowski
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2019)
Article
Psychiatry
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