microRNA as biomarkers in tuberculosis: a new emerging molecular diagnostic solution

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a lethal infectious disease that is prevalent world-wide. During TB infection, host microRNAs change their expression in the form of up/down-regulation. The identification of unique host microRNAs during TB could serve as potential biomarkers in the early detection of TB. microRNAs fulfill the required criteria for being an ideal biomarker, such as sensitivity, high specificity, and accessibility. Therefore, the recognition of potential host microRNAs can be valuable for the diagnosis of TB. The field of miRNA biomarkers in TB requires more extensive research to identify potential biomarkers. This review provides an overview of the biogenesis and biological functions of microRNAs and presents the findings of various studies on the identification of potential biomarkers for TB. Research momentum is gaining in this field and we anticipate that miRNAs will become a routine approach in the development of reliable diagnostic and specific therapeutic interventions in future.(c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Tuberculosis is a lethal infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. During infection, the expression of host microRNAs changes, which could be potential biomarkers for early detection of tuberculosis. Further research is needed to identify potential microRNA biomarkers, but momentum is gaining in this field and microRNAs are expected to become routine approaches for reliable diagnosis and specific therapeutic interventions.