Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antileishmanial, DNA binding, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, antifungal and antibacterial studies of organotin(IV) carboxylate complexes

Six new organotin(IV) complexes, [Bu2SnL] (1), [Me2SnL] (2), [Me3SnL] (3), [Bu3SnL] (4), [Ph3SnL] (5) and [(n-Oct2SnL] (6) have been synthesized from the reaction of 4-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidenea mino)methyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (HL) with the corresponding diorganotin(IV) dichloride/oxide or triorganotin(IV) chloride.All the synthesized compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopies and powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of spectroscopic studies support coordination of oxygen donor site of the ligand with the tin atom of di andtriorgnaotin(IV) moieties. Currently, a vaccine for leishmaniasis remains unavailable, and the existing antimonial-based drugs are accompanied by significant and adverse side effects. The synthesized compounds were screened for antileishmanial activity against promastigotes form of leishmania tropica. Highest activity was shown by compound 2 with an IC50 value of 1.17 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL, as compared to amphotericin B with IC50 value of 0.71 +/- 0.01 mu g/mL The synthesized compounds were also subjected to interaction studies with single-stranded DNA (SS-DNA). Among these compounds, Compound 2 demonstrated the most substantial binding affinity, exhibiting a binding constant of 2.7x103 M-1. Furthermore, the compounds also showed excellent antioxidant potential with percentage radical scav-enging value in the range of 87-95% and IC50 46.92, 72.10, 46.33 Mg/mL for compounds 1, 5 and 6respec-tively. The complexes revealed significant toxicity with comparable LD50(6.26 mu g/mL), (6.79 mu g/mL), (5.67 mu g/mL)and (5.80 mu g/mL)for complex 2, 3,5 and standard drug respectively. Similarly, the complexes also showed significance antifungal and antibacterial activity.(c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Automated summary

Six new organotin(IV) complexes were synthesized and characterized, and their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antileishmanial activities were studied.