☆ 4.6 Review

Emerging and re-emerging pediatric viral diseases: a continuing global challenge

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2023)

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Editorial Material Immunology

Lessons From a House on Fire-From Smallpox to Polio

Yvonne A. Maldonado

Summary: Over the past 30 years, there has been a significant shift in the global burden of disease from infectious to non-communicable diseases, resulting in improved child survival rates and increased life expectancy for all age groups. Vaccination efforts have played a key role in this achievement, but the rise of anti-vaccine sentiments pose a challenge. While the eradication of smallpox in 1977 demonstrated the impact of vaccines on human health, recent outbreaks of infectious diseases like polio and measles, particularly among poorly vaccinated populations, highlight the risks of resurgence. Engaging governments, community leaders, and the public is crucial for the continued progress in global health through the elimination of vaccine preventable diseases.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Real-world effectiveness of a single dose of mpox vaccine in males

Yael Wolff Sagy et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of one subcutaneous dose of MVA-BN vaccine in preventing mpox virus infection was estimated to be 86% in a cohort study of vaccine-eligible males in Israel. The study provides evidence supporting the use of MVA-BN vaccine to control the outbreak of mpox virus. This observational study evaluated the real-world effectiveness of a single dose of MVA-BN vaccine in a high-risk cohort and found that vaccination was associated with a significantly lower risk of MPXV infection.

NATURE MEDICINE (2023)

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Review Immunology

Antivirals With Activity Against Monkeypox: A Clinically Oriented Review

Emily A. Siegrist et al.

Summary: This review provides an overview of the basic pharmacology, animal data, and human data for three antivirals (cidofovir, brincidofovir, and tecovirimat) with activity against monkeypox virus. These antiviral agents have shown varying degrees of efficacy against monkeypox and other orthopoxviruses, highlighting their potential importance in the research and treatment of monkeypox virus infection.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Review Pediatrics

Assessment of Efficacy and Safety of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Children Aged 5 to 11 Years A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Atsuyuki Watanabe et al.

Summary: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are effective in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19-related illnesses in children aged 5 to 11 years. Although most children experienced local adverse events, severe adverse events were rare and most resolved within a few days. These findings provide valuable evidence for future recommendations.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessment of COVID-19 as the Underlying Cause of Death Among Children and Young People Aged 0 to 19 Years in the US

Seth Flaxman et al.

Summary: COVID-19 was responsible for more than 940,000 deaths in the US, including at least 1,289 children and young people aged 0 to 19 years, with at least 821 deaths occurring between August 1, 2021, and July 31, 2022. The objective of the study was to determine whether COVID-19 is a leading cause of death in children and young people in the US. The findings showed that COVID-19 ranked among the top 10 causes of death in this age group, highlighting its significant impact. Rating: 9/10.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Assessing COVID-19 pandemic policies and behaviours and their economic and educational trade-offs across US states from Jan 1, 2020, to July 31, 2022: an observational analysis

Thomas J. Bollyky et al.

Summary: This study analyzed data from public databases to investigate the factors associated with cross-state variation in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States. Socioeconomic and racial inequities played a role in these variations, while political factors had a smaller impact. Policy mandates and behavioral responses were associated with better outcomes, and there was a trade-off between lower COVID-19 infections and deaths and economic and educational outcomes.

LANCET (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Mpox in people with advanced HIV infection: a global case series

Oriol Mitja et al.

Summary: In the 2022 multicountry mpox outbreak, 38-50% of those affected were people living with HIV. Clinical outcomes and mortality were worse in people with more advanced HIV.

LANCET (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Outpatient treatment of COVID-19 and incidence of post-COVID-19 condition over 10 months (COVID-OUT) : a multicentre, randomised, quadruple-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 trial

Carolyn T. Bramante et al.

Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the potential of outpatient COVID-19 treatment with metformin, ivermectin, or fluvoxamine to reduce the risk of long COVID. The findings showed that metformin treatment was associated with a 41% reduction in the incidence of long COVID compared to placebo, while ivermectin and fluvoxamine did not have the same effect.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children Younger than 5 Years of Age

Flor M. Munoz et al.

Summary: This study investigated the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine in children aged 6 months to 11 years. The results demonstrated that a three-dose series of 3-μg BNT162b2 was safe, immunogenic, and effective in children aged 6 months to 4 years.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association of Treatment With Nirmatrelvir and the Risk of Post-COVID-19 Condition

Yan Xie et al.

Summary: This cohort study found that treatment with nirmatrelvir within 5 days of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result was associated with reduced risk of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection who had at least 1 risk factor for progression to severe disease.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Preliminary Estimates of Effectiveness of Monovalent mRNA Vaccines in Preventing Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children Aged 3–5 Years — Increasing Community Access to Testing Program, United States, July 2022–February 2023

Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Chikungunya fever

Koen Bartholomeeusen et al.

Summary: Chikungunya virus is a widespread and recurring infectious disease that causes severe joint and muscle pain. It is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and has been causing outbreaks in various regions due to climate change and globalization. With no specific treatment or vaccines available, surveillance and vector control measures are crucial in preventing further re-emergence and epidemics.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2023)

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Review Immunology

The Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines to Serve Global Public Health Needs

Andrew Farlow et al.

Summary: This review discusses the core themes for investigation in papers submitted to the Vaccines Special Issue on the Future of Epidemic and Pandemic Vaccines. It highlights the limitations faced in the development and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, and emphasizes the importance of sustainable and equitable vaccine development and manufacturing in low- and middle-income countries. The review also suggests various strategies and concepts, such as technology access pools and vaccine technology transfer hubs, to address the challenges and ensure global vaccine research and development. Overall, it calls for a reevaluation of existing assumptions and a focus on global public health needs. Rating: 8/10.

VACCINES (2023)

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Editorial Material Infectious Diseases

Global vaccine equity? Reflections, lessons, and a way forward

Brianne O'Sullivan et al.

NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS (2023)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Increasing Marburg VHF outbreaks in Africa

Esther Nakkazi

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hospital admissions linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents: cohort study of 3.2 million first ascertained infections in England

Harrison Wilde et al.

Summary: This cohort study examined hospital admissions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents in England. The results showed that most admissions were due to SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-2 was a contributory factor. Boys, younger children, and those from ethnic minority groups or areas of high deprivation were more likely to be admitted to hospital. These findings have implications for public health initiatives and further research.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2023)

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Article Immunology

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, and Pandemics

Neil M. Vora et al.

Summary: The increasing contact between humans and domestic animals with wildlife has led to the transmission of pathogens. To reduce the risk of pathogen spillover and early disease spread, actions such as preserving forests, improving health and economic security in infectious disease hotspots, implementing biosecurity measures in animal husbandry, regulating wildlife markets and trade, and expanding pathogen surveillance are necessary.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Vaxxing to elimination: smallpox vaccines as tools to fight mpox

Boghuma K. Titanji et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2023)

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Article Immunology

Interventions to Reduce Risk for Pathogen Spillover and Early Disease Spread to Prevent Outbreaks, Epidemics, and Pandemics

Neil M. Vora et al.

Summary: The majority of emerging infectious diseases in humans come from wildlife, and taking measures to reduce the risk of pathogen spillover is crucial. This can be achieved by stopping deforestation, improving living conditions in disease hotspots, enhancing biosecurity, regulating wildlife trade, and expanding pathogen surveillance.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Psychology, Developmental

Application of non-pharmaceutical interventions in camps following the onset of COVID-19

Barry A. Garst et al.

Summary: This study examined the utilization of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) among camp healthcare providers. The findings showed that camps consistently used a core set of NPIs to maintain the health of participants, and identified specific practices of healthcare providers that made NPI utilization possible. These findings can inform the application of NPIs and other health-promoting practices in various youth settings.

CHILD CARE HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT (2022)

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Review Construction & Building Technology

Control of airborne infectious disease in buildings: Evidence and research priorities

P. Jacob Bueno de Mesquita et al.

Summary: Research suggests that indoor environmental controls, such as the use of masks, administrative controls, and engineering controls, can help reduce the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the actual effectiveness and applicability of these controls require further study and evaluation to support widespread implementation.

INDOOR AIR (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection amongst children and young people: A meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies

S. A. Behnood et al.

Summary: There is conflicting data on the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people. This study assessed the evidence on long-term post-COVID symptoms in this population, including prevalence, risk factors, type, and duration. The findings suggest that the frequency of most reported persistent symptoms is similar in COVID-positive cases and controls.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2022)

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Review Pediatrics

COVID-19 in children. II: Pathogenesis, disease spectrum and management

Annaleise R. Howard-Jones et al.

Summary: The global disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted every child's life in various ways, with most children experiencing mild symptoms from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but potentially facing more complex symptoms in post-infectious manifestations. Given the significant differences in clinical manifestations, treatment availability, and impacts in children compared to adults, prioritizing research specifically examining COVID-19 in children is crucial.

JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Deaths in children and young people in England after SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first pandemic year

Clare Smith et al.

Summary: A clinical review of all pediatric deaths in England from March 2020 to February 2021 attributes 25 deaths to SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifies risk factors to guide interventions. These results are important for guiding decisions on shielding and vaccinating children, with factors like age, ethnicity, and comorbidities potentially influencing mortality rates related to SARS-CoV-2.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age

E. B. Walter et al.

Summary: A regimen of two 10-mu g doses of BNT162b2 administered 21 days apart was found to be safe, immunogenic, and efficacious in children aged 5 to 11 years.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics

The COVID-19 pandemic and pediatric mental health: advocating for improved access and recognition

Abdallah Dalabih et al.

Summary: Pediatric mental health has been poorly addressed globally, and the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly increased the need for mental health resources for children, leading to a rise in mental health visits to emergency departments.

PEDIATRIC RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

Risk Factors for Severe COVID-19 in Children

Rebecca C. Woodruff et al.

Summary: This study describes population-based rates and risk factors for pediatric severe COVID-19. The study found that children under the age of 2 with chronic lung disease, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, prematurity, and airway abnormality, as well as children aged 2 to 17 depending on a feeding tube, with diabetes mellitus, and with obesity, are more susceptible to severe COVID-19. The results of this study are important for identifying high-risk children and implementing prevention efforts, including vaccination.

PEDIATRICS (2022)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh

Jason Abaluck et al.

Summary: A cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh found that distributing masks and promoting their use can effectively reduce symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections, with a significant increase in proper mask-wearing and a decrease in the prevalence of infection, especially among adults aged 60 and above.

SCIENCE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons towards a more effective response to public health emergencies

Yibeltal Assefa et al.

Summary: The study found that regions and countries with high human development index have higher cases and deaths per million population due to COVID-19, due to international connectedness, vulnerability related to older populations, and higher rates of non-communicable diseases. Additionally, the burden of the pandemic varies among high- and middle-income countries due to differences in governance, health system fragmentation, and socio-economic inequities.

GLOBALIZATION AND HEALTH (2022)

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Article Tropical Medicine

The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—A potential threat? A systematic review

Eveline M. Bunge et al.

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2022)

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Article Rheumatology

American College of Rheumatology Clinical Guidance for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Associated With SARS-CoV-2 and Hyperinflammation in Pediatric COVID-19: Version 3

Lauren A. Henderson et al.

Summary: This study provides guidance on the management of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and hyperinflammation during COVID-19. The guidance was developed through expert consensus and includes 41 guidance statements and flow diagrams for the diagnosis and initial treatment of MIS-C.

ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Effectiveness of Face Mask or Respirator Use in Indoor Public Settings for Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection — California, February–December 2021

Kristin L. Andrejko et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Immunology

COVID-19 in Children

Philip Zachariah

INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 6 to 11 Years of Age

C. Buddy Creech et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated that two 50-mu g doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccine are safe and effective in inducing immune responses and preventing Covid-19 in children aged 6 to 11 years, with noninferior responses compared to young adults.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Pediatrics

Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in United States Children Ages 5 to 11 Years

Anne M. Hause et al.

Summary: Limited postauthorization safety data for the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination among children ages 5 to 11 years are available. Most adverse events reported were mild and no safety signals were observed in active surveillance. The reporting rate of myocarditis after dose 2 in this age group was substantially lower than that observed among adolescents ages 12 to 15 years.

PEDIATRICS (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of different types and levels of social distancing measures: a scoping review of global evidence from earlier stage of COVID-19 pandemic

Kai Sing Sun et al.

Summary: This scoping review synthesizes research findings on the effectiveness of different types and levels of social distancing measures in the earlier stage of COVID-19 pandemic. The review found that there is adequate empirical evidence for the effect of social distancing at the individual level and for partial or full lockdown at the community level. However, the evidence is limited for workplace/business closures as single targeted interventions, and there is no separate effect found for public transport restrictions.

BMJ OPEN (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Human monkeypox virus infection in women and non-binary individuals during the 2022 outbreaks: a global case series

John P. Thornhill et al.

Summary: This study examines the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of monkeypox virus infection in cisgender and transgender women as well as non-binary individuals assigned female sex at birth. The findings suggest that the disease has similar effects on these populations as it does on men, with anal and genital lesions being prominent features.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2021

Anna A. Minta et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox as a PHEIC: implications for global health governance

Clare Wenham et al.

LANCET (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans across 16 Countries - April-June 2022

John P. Thornhill et al.

Summary: This report describes 528 cases of monkeypox in 16 countries. Common clinical findings include rash, mucosal lesions, fever, lethargy, and lymphadenopathy. Few patients required hospitalization.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The world needs to prepare now to prevent polio resurgence post eradication

Amie Batson et al.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Long-COVID in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Sandra Lopez-Leon et al.

Summary: This study systematically reviewed the prevalence and symptoms of long-COVID in children and adolescents. The prevalence of long-COVID was found to be 25.24%, with mood symptoms, fatigue, and sleep disorders being the most common manifestations.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Monkeypox Cases — United States, May 17–July 22, 2022

David Philpott et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Immunology

Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Human Monkeypox: An Initial Series From Massachusetts, United States

Wilfredo R. Matias et al.

Summary: Three patients with monkeypox were treated with tecovirimat, a pan-Orthopoxvirus inhibitor, and the results showed the potential efficacy of this drug in treating monkeypox.

OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

The case to scale up edutainment as an effective public health communication intervention to combat the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe

Tafadzwa Dzinamarira et al.

Summary: This article discusses the use of edutainment strategies in the Zimbabwean COVID-19 response and highlights its effectiveness in conveying information and raising awareness. By combining simple and understandable language with entertainment formats, edutainment can bring about change in contexts where traditional strategies may fail.

HEALTH PROMOTION PERSPECTIVES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of mRNA-1273 Vaccine in Children 6 Months to 5 Years of Age

E. J. Anderson et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in young children aged 6 months to 5 years. The results showed that two doses of 25 μg mRNA-1273 vaccine were safe in children and elicited immune responses comparable to those in young adults.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Monkeypox

Antoine Gessain et al.

Summary: The article reviews the virology, epidemiology, clinical features, and treatment of monkeypox, and discusses the reported cases in the United Kingdom, Portugal, and Italy in May 2022, which led to the declaration of a global health emergency by the WHO.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Clinical Use of Tecovirimat (Tpoxx) for Treatment of Monkeypox Under an Investigational New Drug Protocol — United States, May–August 2022

Kevin O’Laughlin et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Severe Monkeypox in Hospitalized Patients — United States, August 10–October 10, 2022

Maureen J. Miller et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Persons with Monkeypox - Eight US Jurisdictions, May 17-July 22, 2022

Kathryn G. Curran et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Review Immunology

Current Advances in Zika Vaccine Development

Yuchen Wang et al.

Summary: Zika virus is an emerging virus, and the development of vaccines is still ongoing. Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs have been approved for use, but efforts are being made to find effective prevention and treatment strategies through research on vaccine design on different platforms.

VACCINES (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

What did the pandemic teach us about effective health communication? Unpacking the COVID-19 infodemic

Eric J. Cooks et al.

Summary: The study found that different sociodemographics, perceived discrimination, and self-efficacy are associated with the sources and trust of COVID-19 information. Sociodemographics can influence where people first seek information, while self-efficacy and perceived discrimination are more likely to impact trust in information sources.

BMC PUBLIC HEALTH (2022)

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Article Immunology

Absence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Activity in Prepandemic Sera From Individuals With Recent Seasonal Coronavirus Infection

Daniel Poston et al.

Summary: Although cross-reactive immune responses may affect SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and disease outcomes, neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in prepandemic sera with prior seasonal coronavirus infection.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Social distancing decreases an individual's likelihood of contracting COVID-19

Russell H. Fazio et al.

Summary: This study focused on the effectiveness of social distancing at the individual level, predicting the risk of contracting COVID-19 through virtual behavior measures. The findings suggest that individual social distancing behavior significantly impacts the risk of infection.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Measuring the global burden of chikungunya and Zika viruses: A systematic review

Christopher J. Puntasecca et al.

Summary: The study evaluated the global burden caused by CHIKV and ZIKV between 2010 and 2019, estimating an average annual DALY loss of over 106,000 and 44,000 for each virus respectively. The Americas experienced significantly higher burden compared to other WHO regions, possibly due to limited reporting in other regions and the lack of immunity in the previously unexposed populations of the Americas.

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Dengue Vaccine: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2021

Gabriela Paz-Bailey et al.

MMWR Recommendations and Reports (2021)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Mental Health of Children and Adolescents Amidst COVID-19 and Past Pandemics: A Rapid Systematic Review

Salima Meherali et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health measures have had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents, leading to increased stress, worry, and behavioral problems. Interventions such as art-based programs, support services, and clinician-led mental health services have been shown to effectively decrease mental health issues among children and adolescents. Monitoring the impact of the pandemic on young people's mental health and developing tailored strategies to improve outcomes are crucial for addressing long-term consequences.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Natural mucosal barriers and COVID-19 in children

Carl A. Pierce et al.

Summary: Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a more robust early mucosal immune response compared to adults, which may contribute to favorable clinical outcomes. Higher levels of IFN signaling and other innate pathways were observed in children, along with increased levels of certain cytokines in nasal fluid, suggesting a more protective immune response in children against severe COVID-19.

JCI INSIGHT (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Evaluation of mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Adolescents

Kashif Ali et al.

Summary: The study demonstrates that the mRNA-1273 vaccine has good safety profile in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years, with immune response similar to that in young adults. It also proves the efficacy of the vaccine in preventing Covid-19 in this age group.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents

Robert W. Frenck et al.

Summary: The BNT162b2 vaccine showed favorable safety profile and a greater immune response in 12-to-15-year-old recipients compared to young adults, and demonstrated high effectiveness against Covid-19.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Intensity and frequency of extreme novel epidemics

Marco Marani et al.

Summary: Observational knowledge of epidemic intensity and rate of disease outbreaks is crucial for testing theory and models, as well as informing public health risk assessment. Global historical epidemic data from 1600 to present has been compiled and analyzed using novel statistical methods to estimate yearly probabilities of extreme epidemic occurrences. The slow decay in probability with epidemic intensity reveals that extreme epidemics are relatively likely, with a potential threefold increase in occurrence probability in the future.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Neurological manifestations due to dengue virus infection in children: clinical follow-up

Aline Almeida Bentes et al.

Summary: In a study conducted in Brazil, 39% of children with dengue virus infections were found to have neurological complications after hospital discharge, with an average resolution time of 5.9 months. These results highlight the challenges in diagnosing and managing neurological complications in children after discharge, and the importance of early intervention through RT-qPCR etiological diagnosis.

PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Pediatrics

Association Between Race and COVID-19 Outcomes Among 2.6 Million Children in England

Defne Saatci et al.

Summary: This study investigated the association between race and childhood COVID-19 testing and hospital outcomes. It found that there were some race-specific disparities in severe COVID-19 outcomes among children in England.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2021)

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Editorial Material Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Online misinformation and vaccine hesitancy

Renee Garett et al.

Summary: While vaccination rates have increased globally, the rise in nonmedical exemptions for vaccination may lead to a resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases. Vaccine hesitancy is a significant factor in declining vaccination rates, and strategies to correct misinformation are needed. Health experts and the medical community can use language that appeals to individuals while enforcing policies against vaccine misinformation, and AI tools may play a role in addressing misinformation.

TRANSLATIONAL BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Infectious Diseases

The Global Trends and Regional Differences in Incidence of Dengue Infection from 1990 to 2019: An Analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Min Du et al.

Summary: Global dengue episodes have increased significantly over the past three decades. While the global dengue ASR has decreased in the last decade, it continues to rise in hyperendemic regions such as Oceania, East Asia, and Southeast Asia, as well as in middle and high-middle SDI regions. Attention should be focused on the elderly population due to their higher incidence rate of dengue in low SDI regions and the increasing proportions of dengue episodes among the elderly in most GBD regions. Efforts should be made to develop tailored prevention strategies for these crucial regions and older populations.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND THERAPY (2021)

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Review Infectious Diseases

Multicenter Interim Guidance on Use of Antivirals for Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019/Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2

Kathleen Chiotos et al.

Summary: Although COVID-19 is usually mild in children, some may develop severe or critical illness. Supportive care is typically enough for most cases, but for severe cases, remdesivir is suggested, with a duration of 5 days. It is not recommended to use hydroxychloroquine or other protease inhibitors for COVID-19 in children.

JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY (2021)

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Article Immunology

Case Fatality Ratio Estimates for the 2013-2016 West African Ebola Epidemic: Application of Boosted Regression Trees for Imputation

Alpha Forna et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China

Chaolin Huang et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019

Na Zhu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Microbiology

The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2

Alexander E. Gorbalenya et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Nasal Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Children and Adults

Supinda Bunyavanich et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola virus disease

Shevin T. Jacob et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic

Shelley Riphagen et al.

LANCET (2020)

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Review Pediatrics

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Children and Adolescents A Systematic Review

Riccardo Castagnoli et al.

JAMA PEDIATRICS (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children

Xiaoxia Lu et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Editorial Material Pediatrics

The History of the Personal Belief Exemption

Elena Conis

PEDIATRICS (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Children Aged <18 Years Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed COVID-19-COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-July 25, 2020

Lindsay Kim et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in US Children and Adolescents

Leora R. Feldstein et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reduced development of COVID-19 in children reveals molecular checkpoints gating pathogenesis illuminating potential therapeutics

Jonathan Baruch Steinmana et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

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Article Virology

Dengue vaccine development by the year 2020: challenges and prospects

Annelies Wilder-Smith

CURRENT OPINION IN VIROLOGY (2020)

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Article Virology

Vaccines to Emerging Viruses: Nipah and Hendra

Moushimi Amaya et al.

ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY, VOL 7, 2020 (2020)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Preventing and Mitigating SARS-CoV-2 Transmission - Four Overnight Camps, Maine, June-August 2020

Laura L. Blaisdell et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2020)

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Review Environmental Sciences

Viral Pandemics of the Last Four Decades: Pathophysiology, Health Impacts and Perspectives

Shubhadeep Roychoudhury et al.

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

The association between Zika virus infection and microcephaly in Brazil 2015-2017: An observational analysis of over 4 million births

Oliver J. Brady et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Transmission of Nipah Virus-14 Years of Investigations in Bangladesh

Birgit Nikolay et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

The 2017 human monkeypox outbreak in Nigeria-Report of outbreak experience and response in the Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Dimie Ogoina et al.

PLOS ONE (2019)

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Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The development and approval of tecoviromat (TPOXX), the first antiviral against smallpox

Michael Merchlinsky et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2019)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Outbreak of human monkeypox in Nigeria in 2017-18: a clinical and epidemiological report

Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye et al.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2019)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

CEPI: Driving Progress Towards Epidemic Preparedness And Response

Dimitrios Gouglas et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS (2019)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

A new twenty-first century science for effective epidemic response

Juliet Bedford et al.

NATURE (2019)

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Review Infectious Diseases

A systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy

Ellen M. Beer et al.

PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (2019)

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Review Microbiology

Tracking virus outbreaks in the twenty-first century

Nathan D. Grubaugh et al.

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY (2019)

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Review Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Nipah virus infection: A review

Aditi et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2019)

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Review Immunology

Infectious Disease Threats in the Twenty-First Century: Strengthening the Global Response

David E. Bloom et al.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of Dengue Serostatus on Dengue Vaccine Safety and Efficacy

S. Sridhar et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Immunology

Chikungunya Virus Infections Among InfantsWho Classification Not Applicable

Veronique van Keulen et al.

PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL (2018)

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Review Parasitology

A scoping review of Chikungunya virus infection: epidemiology, clinical characteristics, viral co-circulation complications, and control

Jose V. J. Silva et al.

ACTA TROPICA (2018)

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Editorial Material Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pandemics: spend on surveillance, not prediction

Edward C. Holmes et al.

NATURE (2018)

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Article Immunology

Reemergence of Human Monkeypox in Nigeria, 2017

Adesola Yinka-Ogunleye et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2018)

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Article Pediatrics

Ebola virus disease in children during the 2014-2015 epidemic in Guinea: a nationwide cohort study

Mahamoud Sama Cherif et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS (2017)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Measles

William J. Moss

LANCET (2017)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Update: Interim Guidance for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Management of Infants with Possible Congenital Zika Virus Infection - United States, October 2017

Tolulope Adebanjo et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2017)

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Article Medical Laboratory Technology

Chikungunya Virus

David M. Vu et al.

CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE (2017)

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Article Immunology

Characteristics of Zika Virus Disease in Children: Clinical, Hematological, and Virological Findings from an Outbreak in Singapore

Jiahui Li et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2017)

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Article Immunology

Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in 1976 and Relevance to the West African Epidemic During 2013-2016

Joel G. Breman et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Zika Virus Associated with Microcephaly

Jernej Mlakar et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Zika Virus and Birth Defects - Reviewing the Evidence for Causality

Sonja A. Rasmussen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2016)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO

Anne Gulland

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Microbiology

One Health: Addressing Global Challenges at the Nexus of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health

Waithaka Mwangi et al.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2016)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

Zika virus is a global public health emergency, declares WHO

Anne Gulland

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Update: Interim Guidelines for Health Care Providers Caring for Infants and Children with Possible Zika Virus Infection - United States, February 2016

Katherine E. Fleming-Dutra et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Characteristics of Children Aged

Alyson B. Goodman et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Possible Association Between Zika Virus Infection and Microcephaly - Brazil, 2015

Lavinia Schuler-Faccini et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Description of 13 Infants Born During October 2015-January 2016 With Congenital Zika Virus Infection Without Microcephaly at Birth - Brazil

Vanessa van der Linden et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2016)

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Article Immunology

Early Growth and Neurologic Outcomes of Infants with Probable Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome

Antonio Augusto Moura da Silva et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2016)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Overview, Control Strategies, and Lessons Learned in the CDC Response to the 2014-2016 Ebola Epidemic

Beth P. Bell et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2016)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health

Sarah Whitmee et al.

LANCET (2015)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Zika virus: following the path of dengue and chikungunya?

Didier Musso et al.

LANCET (2015)

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Article Parasitology

First report of autochthonous transmission of Zika virus in Brazil

Camila Zanluca et al.

MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ (2015)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola Virus Disease among Children in West Africa

Junerlyn Agua-Agum et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2015)

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Letter Immunology

Outbreak of Exanthematous Illness Associated with Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue Viruses, Salvador, Brazil

Cristiane W. Cardoso et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Letter Immunology

Zika Virus Outbreak, Bahia, Brazil

Gubio S. Campos et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Letter Immunology

Co-infection with Zika and Dengue Viruses in 2 Patients, New Caledonia, 2014

Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2015)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Rapid spread of emerging Zika virus in the Pacific area

D. Musso et al.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2014)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Concurrent outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus infections - an unprecedented epidemic wave of mosquito-borne viruses in the Pacific 2012-2014

A. Roth et al.

EUROSURVEILLANCE (2014)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Dengue in children

Lilly M. Verhagen et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTION (2014)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

From public to planetary health: a manifesto

Richard Horton et al.

LANCET (2014)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Ebola Virus Disease in West Africa - The First 9 Months of the Epidemic and Forward Projections

Bruce Aylward et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2014)

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Letter Immunology

Zika Virus, French Polynesia, South Pacific, 2013

Van-Mai Cao-Lormeau et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2014)

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Review Pharmacology & Pharmacy

Chikungunya fever: Epidemiology, clinical syndrome, pathogenesis and therapy

Simon-Djamel Thiberville et al.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2013)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

CURRENT CONCEPTS Dengue

Cameron P. Simmons et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Isolation of a Novel Coronavirus from a Man with Pneumonia in Saudi Arabia

Ali Moh Zaki et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2012)

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Article Immunology

The Origin and Prevention of Pandemics

Brian L. Pike et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2010)

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Article Biodiversity Conservation

Use of Infrared Camera to Understand Bats' Access to Date Palm Sap: Implications for Preventing Nipah Virus Transmission

M. Salah Uddin Khan et al.

ECOHEALTH (2010)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Nipah virus outbreak with person-to-person transmission in a district of Bangladesh, 2007

N. Homaira et al.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION (2010)

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Article Obstetrics & Gynecology

Maternal and foetal consequences of dengue fever during pregnancy

Celia Basurko et al.

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY (2009)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Origins and evolutionary genomics of the 2009 swine-origin H1N1 influenza A epidemic

Gavin J. D. Smith et al.

NATURE (2009)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Emergence of a Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus in Humans Novel Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Investigation Team

Fatimah S. Dawood et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Zika Virus Outbreak on Yap Island, Federated States of Micronesia

Mark R. Duffy et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2009)

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Article Immunology

Clinical presentation of Nipah virus infection in Bangladesh

M. Jahangir Hossain et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2008)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Global trends in emerging infectious diseases

Kate E. Jones et al.

NATURE (2008)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Multidisciplinary prospective study of mother-to-child chikungunya virus infections on the Island of La Reunion

Patrick Gerardin et al.

PLOS MEDICINE (2008)

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Article Immunology

Person-to-person transmission of Nipah virus in a Bangladeshi community

Emily S. Gurley et al.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2007)

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Review Multidisciplinary Sciences

Origins of major human infectious diseases

Nathan D. Wolfe et al.

NATURE (2007)

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Article Virology

One hundred years of poliovirus pathogenesis

VR Racaniello

VIROLOGY (2006)

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Article Immunology

Clinical characteristics of human monkeypox, and risk factors for severe disease

GD Huhn et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2005)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome

C Drosten et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2003)

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Review Virology

Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia

KB Chua

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY (2003)

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Article Microbiology

Outbreaks of disease suspected of being due to human monkeypox virus infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2001

H Meyer et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY (2002)

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Article Immunology

Case-control study of risk factors for human infection with a new zoonotic paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, during a 1998-1999 outbreak of severe encephalitis in Malaysia

UD Parashar et al.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2000)

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