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Article
Thermodynamics
Orhan Kalkan et al.
HEAT TRANSFER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hongseok Choi et al.
Summary: In this study, the thermal and hydraulic performances of a battery thermal management system are investigated by analyzing the design of the cooling plate. A new DCOF cooling plate structure is proposed to improve the heat transfer efficiency through diverging design and insertion of oblique fins. The experimental results demonstrate that the adoption of DCOF design improves the temperature uniformity of the battery, and significantly reduces the power consumption of the coolant pump.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiekai Xie et al.
Summary: This study focuses on optimizing the internal structure of liquid cooling plates (LCPs) to enhance their cooling performance. By introducing splitters with different numbers and patterns into LCP flow channels, it is found that increasing the splitter numbers effectively reduces temperature and temperature difference. The double-side pattern with a splitter number of 20-30 shows the best cooling effect for battery modules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hayder Mohammad Jaffal et al.
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the hydrothermal performance of a novel design of ribbed serpentine channel cooled plate (SCCP) for Li-ion battery cooling. Numerical simulations and experimental validations were conducted, and the results showed that the ribs played a vital role in improving heat transfer, with rib orientation being more influential than rib shape.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaobin Xu et al.
Summary: In this study, a biomimetic cephalofoil fin coupled with phase change material was proposed for air-cooling thermal management system of prismatic battery module. The numerical model with experimentally measured heat generation rate and specific heat capacity was used to evaluate performance. The results showed that the use of phase change material and cepha-lofoil fin structure can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of the battery module. Optimization of fin structure parameters can further improve temperature consistency. The use of film heaters can preheat the battery module within a short period of time with good temperature consistency.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ding Zhao et al.
Summary: In this study, a liquid cooling plate (LCP) with a honeycomb structure (HLCP) was designed to increase the heat exchange area of the cooling channels and improve the heat dissipation performance. The optimal structural parameters and the effect of different coolant flow velocities were investigated. The results showed that beyond a certain inlet velocity, the improvement in cooling performance was not significant.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Feifei Liu et al.
Summary: This study proposes a liquid cooling plate with a bionic leaf vein branch channel for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries. The effects of multi-parameter coupling on battery temperature and coolant pressure drop are investigated, and the solution sets are optimized using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. The results show that the proposed cooling plate channel effectively reduces battery temperature, with inlet flow rate and channel width having the greatest impact on cooling performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yasong Sun et al.
Summary: This study designs a novel prismatic battery cooling plate with a topological cooling channel, and demonstrates its superior cooling performance by comparing it with other cooling plates. The influence of inlet pressure on the cooling effect is also investigated.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shaoting Jia et al.
Summary: This paper aims to develop a model for flow and heat transfer in two-phase annular flows, including mathematical formulation, experimental validation, comprehensive investigation on the effects of orientations and flow parameters, and development of a simple heat transfer correlation based on experimental data.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Orhan Kalkan
Summary: Recently, there has been an increase in studies on utilizing MCHS applied to chips to take advantage of liquid metals' high thermal conductivity. This study proposes an optimal selection of MCHS geometric parameters, MCHS material, Gallium-based liquid metal coolant type, and coolant inlet velocity. Performance parameters including total thermal resistance, initial investment cost, pressure drop, and maximum operating temperature are used. The I-optimality algorithm is employed to generate the Design of Experiment (DoE) using the Response Surface Method. The derived mathematical models for the performance parameters are highly accurate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhendong Zhang et al.
Summary: This study aims to control the thermal distribution of the battery pack through a newly designed liquid-cooling system, in order to prolong battery life and improve the reliability of electric vehicles. The results show that the deviation between experiment and simulation is within 3.0% under conventional conditions. Through multi-objective optimization, it is possible to further reduce power consumption and battery temperature, improving the performance of the battery pack.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fan Chen et al.
Summary: This study designed cold plates to cool rectangular lithium-ion battery packs using the topology optimization method. Results showed that the flow channel structure of the cold plate significantly influences the temperature distribution of the battery, and increasing the inlet pressure of the cold plate can reduce the maximum temperature and temperature difference of batteries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuntian Zhang et al.
Summary: In this study, an inclined channel cold plate was designed for a LiFePO4 battery in an electric vehicle, and its performance was compared with that of a straight channel cold plate under different conditions. The results showed that the inclined channel cold plate outperformed the straight channel cold plate, and the performance improved with a larger inclined angle. This study suggests that the inclined channel cold plate is more suitable for battery thermal management systems.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Orhan Kalkan et al.
Summary: This paper investigates the application and design of liquid-based thermal management systems in battery electric vehicles. It also explores the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to evaluate different battery thermal management systems. By utilizing an artificial neural network model, the average battery temperature and maximum temperature difference on the battery surface can be accurately predicted. The model parameters were optimized, and the predicted results were within a 10% error range compared to the actual values.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Orhan Kalkan et al.
Summary: This paper proposes an optimized solution for a mini channeled cold plate (MCCP) in thermal management of electric vehicles. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is verified through experimental investigation. The geometric parameters and coolant flow rate are optimized using a multi-objective approach, resulting in optimum design variable values for battery temperature control.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Z. R. Wang et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a thermal management system based on R134a refrigerant that meets the thermal requirements of the cabin and directly cools and heats the battery. By controlling the opening of the electronic expansion valve (EXV), the heat distribution between the cabin and the battery can be balanced.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Weixiong Wu et al.
Summary: PCM-based battery thermal management has attracted increasing interest due to its efficient cooling and temperature uniformity performance. This study investigates the influence of buoyancy driven natural convection on battery thermal behavior and proposes a relationship between melting rate and interface length. The results show that battery units with latent heat storage of PCM can achieve excellent cooling performance, regardless of the arrangement. Horizontal arrangement exhibits better temperature uniformity compared to vertical arrangement due to the varying melting rate of PCM.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Huaqiang Liu et al.
Summary: This study improved the performance of the thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries by adding intersecting channels into the conventional serpentine channel. The results showed that adding intersecting channels could significantly reduce the pumping power and enhance the thermal performance. The number, width, and angle of the intersecting channels were found to have optimum values within the studied range. Additionally, a gradient intersecting spacing was developed to alleviate temperature imbalance within the battery.
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Guo et al.
Summary: A novel cold plate designed through topology optimization method was proposed for thermal management of lithium-ion batteries under 3C discharge rate. The effects of different topology mini-channel models on lithium-ion batteries were studied using numerical simulation, and it was found that compared to straight mini-channels, the topology mini-channels can improve cooling performance by 61.82%.
Article
Thermodynamics
Martin Lenz et al.
Summary: This paper presents a method for determining the entropic heat coefficient (EHC) of a battery, which provides sufficiently accurate results within a relatively short time. The results show that the EHC significantly influences the temperature curve of the battery and should not be neglected in thermal analyses.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhendong Zhang et al.
Summary: This study presents a method of thermal control for a large-scale pouch cell by using a liquid cooling plate, and analyzes the influences of mass flow rates, cooling trigger-time, and glycol solution concentration on the cell thermal distribution. The results show that increasing mass flow rate can effectively reduce cell temperature rise and difference, while delaying cooling trigger-time and increasing glycol solution concentration have negative effects on cell thermal homogeneity.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiekai Xie et al.
Summary: This paper proposes a simple and effective liquid cooling structure that achieves high cooling efficiency with fewer components and lightweight aluminum plates. Numerical simulation results show that this structure effectively alleviates edge-overcooling phenomenon and optimization of inlet velocity and aluminum plate thickness can improve the cooling performance to a level comparable to traditional complex structures. This simple structure has a lower weight percentage and can be easily expanded to battery modules with different specifications, particularly those aiming for lightweight and high cooling performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianfeng Wang et al.
Summary: By designing a bionic spider-web channel structure, the cooling performance of lithium-ion batteries can be effectively enhanced. Among the structural parameters, the channel width has the greatest influence on the cooling performance of the cold plate, with the most optimal width being 3mm.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaobao Mo et al.
Summary: A novel cooling plate was designed using the topology optimization method in this study, and numerical analysis showed significant improvements in reducing pressure drop and maximum temperature compared to traditional cooling plates. This approach could be considered as a high-efficiency method for battery thermal management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lei Sheng et al.
Summary: An experimental and numerical approach was used to study the thermal behaviors of a prismatic hard-cased cell, and a computational model was established to analyze the cell's thermal profile. The results indicate that the cell's heat generation rate increases quadratically with discharge rate and is influenced by temperature, with the lower part temperature varying depending on discharge rate.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
K. Monika et al.
Summary: This study proposes an ingeniously designed rectangular mini-channel cold plate for thermal management of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries in automotive applications. The cold plate, with 5 mini channels of width 4 mm and parallel flow design, is shown to be the ideal trade-off between heat transfer and pressure drop for better thermal management across the battery module.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Sheng et al.
Summary: The study found that interlaced flow directions can result in lower temperature standard deviation and more uniform thermal distribution, while increasing fluid flow rate and channel size can enhance the performance of the cellular cooling plate. Glycol aqueous solution is more effective in reducing temperature difference and standard deviation of the cells compared to liquid water.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Sheng et al.
Summary: A lightweight liquid cooling solution was developed to cool a prismatic hard-cased cell, with studies on the effects of fluid flow directions, flow rates, channel dimensions, and cooling mediums on the cell's thermal distribution. Simulation and experiments showed that the lightweight thermal design effectively lowered the cooling plate weight and controlled the cell temperature within a desirable level. Increasing fluid flow rate and channel width can promote the cooling plate performance, while the choice of cooling medium can impact the cell's temperature difference.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Kong et al.
Summary: The new cold plate design utilizing divergent-shaped channels has enhanced heat dissipation capacity and minimized pressure drop, contributing to the development of effective battery cooling systems for electric vehicles.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhiguo Tang et al.
Summary: A novel lightweight battery thermal management system (BTMS) structure was developed, and numerical simulation demonstrated superior cooling effects of two designs with low weight ratios.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Orhan Kalkan et al.
Summary: The study investigated the thermal performance of water-cooled cold plates used in thermal management of batteries for electric vehicles. It found that lower coolant inlet temperature has a significant impact on battery surface temperature, while the use of mini channel cold plate resulted in a significant reduction in battery surface temperature and improved temperature homogeneity.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Sheng et al.
Summary: A calibration calorimetry method is proposed to investigate the thermal characteristics of a commercial cylindrical 21700 cell, and a thermal model is established to predict the cell's temperature rise. The results show that the proposed method matches well with the existing heat-flux meter method and has high accuracy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Litao Yin et al.
Summary: An integrated battery model combining a 3D electrochemical model with a 2D heat transfer model accurately predicts thermal behavior and ageing kinetics in cylindrical cells. By controlling surface temperature and reducing core temperature with cooling liquids, differences in temperature can be minimized and accelerated ageing kinetics can be characterized effectively.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ningbo Wang et al.
Summary: This paper studied a liquid cooling battery thermal management system incorporating serpentine microchannels, and successfully optimized the parameters to reduce battery temperature and pressure, improving heat dissipation performance while reducing energy consumption.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Celen et al.
Summary: The study showed that for high discharge rate conditions, the use of finned cooling surfaces is necessary to maintain battery temperature within the desired operational range. Increasing air velocity can significantly reduce battery temperature and enhance heat dissipation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jianbiao Shen et al.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY ENGINEERING
(2020)
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Energy & Fuels
Xifeng Cui et al.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2020)
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Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiao Dong Chen
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Thermodynamics
Siqi Chen et al.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2019)
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Yuqi Huang et al.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2019)
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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2019)
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Lei Sheng et al.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2019)
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Jiajia Yan et al.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2016)
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Zhen Qian et al.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2016)
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Yutao Huo et al.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2015)
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Anthony Jarrett et al.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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Anthony Jarrett et al.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2011)
