Marine collagen: Unveiling the blue resource-extraction techniques and multifaceted applications

Marine organisms such as fish and shellfish are composed of compounds with properties and characteristics that have been proven useful in a variety of sectors such as cosmetics, healthcare (wound healing), food industries, and tissue engineering. Collagen extraction from fish waste as a blue resource has attracted research attention over the past decade. Around 75 % of fish waste contains a high concentration of collagen. This has driven research in the conversion of these low-cost by-products into valuable products. Collagen extracted by acidic or/ and enzymatic methods is gaining a lot of attention today due to its low cost and high yield. Fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis stand out as one of the most environmentally sustainable and ecologically friendly methods for collagen extraction. Because of its great biocompatibility, excellent bioactivity, and low antigenicity, marine collagen is receiving more attention. Furthermore, collagen-derived peptides may exhibit interesting antioxidant activity, potent antihypertensive activity, and antimicrobial activity against different strains of bacteria. This review focuses on the advancements in extraction and detection methods of marine collagen, both from a technological and legislative standpoint, in addition to exploring its diverse range of application domains.

Automated summary

Marine organisms such as fish and shellfish contain collagen with useful properties that can be applied in various sectors. Over the past decade, research on collagen extraction from fish waste has gained attention. Acidic and enzymatic methods for collagen extraction are cost-effective and yield a high amount of collagen. Marine collagen is environmentally sustainable and has excellent biocompatibility, bioactivity, and low antigenicity. Additionally, collagen-derived peptides have potential antioxidant, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial activities. This review discusses the advancements in marine collagen extraction and detection methods as well as its diverse range of applications.