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Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Luo et al.
Summary: This study reveals that high-temperature shock can convert spent graphite into defect-rich recycled graphite, which is ideal for high-rate anodes and exhibits higher charging capacity than commercial graphite. The recovery of layered structure and remaining defects during ultrafast heating and cooling process reduce strain energy, accelerate phase transition, and improve Li+ diffusion in recycled graphite. This research provides a facile strategy to guide the re-graphitization of spent graphite and design high-performance battery electrode materials through defect engineering at the atomic level.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Li Song et al.
Summary: This study proposes a highly efficient and easy-going solid-phase method for the direct regeneration of waste LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode materials. The regeneration process involves heat treatment with the addition of Li2CO3, CNTs, and glucose. The inclusion of CNTs improves their dispersibility in water and enhances the electrochemical performance of LFP through the formation of a three-dimensional conductive network.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Varun Gupta et al.
Summary: End-of-life lithium-ion batteries are accumulating at an alarming rate, posing a threat to environmental health. The dominant lithium-ion battery cathode material, LiNixCoyMnzO2 (NCM), represents a significant portion of this waste. The integration of pretreatment and cathode relithiation has been demonstrated in a lab-scale operation, showcasing 100% electrochemical performance recovery and a promising 91% yield rate. This process clears the way for direct recycling to move from lab to industry scale with profitability.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Su Ma et al.
Summary: To enhance the electrochemical performance and safety of lithium-ion batteries, it is essential to understand the evolution of structure and interface during charge-discharge cycling. This study investigates the dominant mechanism behind the nonlinear capacity fading of Ni-rich electrode materials at different charge-discharge rates. Low-rate charge-discharge exhibits high initial discharge capacity, but cumulative stress release during the cycle quickly reduces its capacity. High-rate cycling, on the other hand, shows rapid decay of initial capacity due to CEI thickening and electrolyte decomposition caused interfacial side reactions. Pulverization from microcrack expansion and intensified side reactions between the new exposed interface and electrolyte contribute significantly to the end-of-cycle capacity decay. The change in dominant mechanism is one of the key factors causing the nonlinear capacity fading. This work provides new insights into the capacity decay and failure of lithium-ion batteries during cycling.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jixue Shen et al.
Summary: This study reports a cost-effective Co-free Ni-rich cathode material LiNi0.8Mn0.18Fe0.02O2 with high capacity and eliminated range anxiety, which outperforms widely commercial LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 and single-crystal LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2. The material can compensate for reversible capacity loss under high-temperature and elevated-voltage conditions, achieving competitive energy density. Through improved dynamic structure evolution, it alleviates the mechanical strain issue commonly found in Ni-rich cathodes and improves safety performance.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dongho Kim et al.
Summary: Since the recognition of the significant oxygen-redox contribution to Li transition-metal oxide cathodes' capacity enhancement, the issues of oxygen release, structural variations, and capacity fading have become critical for achieving better electrochemical performance. This study utilizes nanoindentation and surface polishing to investigate the local variations of atomic structure and oxygen content in LiCoO2 and Li2MnO3. The findings provide direct evidence of oxygen release due to lattice strain and suggest the importance of efficient strain relaxation for the longevity of the anion framework in layered oxide cathodes.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tingzhou Yang et al.
Summary: The rapid spread of electric vehicles with lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) poses significant challenges and environmental risks for recyclers in managing waste and after scrap. Closed-loop recycling plays a crucial role in sustaining battery development and mitigating raw material shortages and supply chain risks. This article outlines and evaluates current methods for direct cathode regeneration in industrialized recycling, summarizes different regeneration methods for spent cathode materials, providing a new perspective for closed-loop recycling of LIBs. A proposed reference recycling route for retrofitting existing cathode production lines minimizes costs. In addition to promoting the industrialization of direct cathode recycling, the article also emphasizes the environmental, economic, and political benefits of battery recycling.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xu-Hui Zhu et al.
Summary: Pyrometallurgy technique is commonly used as a pretreatment to improve leaching efficiencies in the hydrometallurgy process for recovering valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries. Traditional pyrometallurgy processes are time and energy consuming. In this study, a carbothermal shock (CTS) method was developed for reducing LiNi0.3Co0.2Mn0.5O2 (NCM325) cathode materials with uniform temperature distribution, high heating and cooling rates, high temperatures, and ultrafast reaction times. The CTS process showed high efficiencies in selectively leaching Li (>90%) and recovering Ni, Co, and Mn (>98%) in dilute acid leaching. The CTS reduction strategy was also applicable to various other spent cathode materials. This low energy consumption and potentially scalable CTS process provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for recovering spent lithium-ion batteries.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kai Jia et al.
Summary: In this study, spent LFP was regenerated using environmentally friendly ethanol, and the cycling stability was improved by elevating the d-band center of Fe atoms via construction of a heterogeneous interface. The regenerated LFP exhibited excellent cycling performance at a high rate, with approximately 80% capacity retention after 1000 cycles.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jing Sun et al.
Summary: A sustainable process is proposed for the revival of defective LFP cathodes through defect-targeted healing and surface modification. The cathodes are repaired by solution-based relithiation and 3D-interconnected porous carbon networks (3dC) are constructed during annealing. This novel concept facilitates the regeneration of spent LFP and optimization of its high-rate performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hengyi Liao et al.
Summary: The growing consumption of lithium-ion batteries requires the recycling of electrode materials. This study proposes a cathode-to-anode approach for recycling, using a LiCoO2 model system and extending to Co-lean/Co-free cathodes. The recycled cathodes show excellent rate volumetric capacity and cyclic performance, demonstrating the effectiveness of this recycling strategy for achieving high volumetric energy density.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lifan Wang et al.
Summary: This study focuses on improving the Ni-rich layered oxide cathode by introducing an oxygenion conductor and a Li-ion conductor, which increases the cycle life and thermal stability of the battery, resulting in longer driving range and lower cost.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panpan Xu et al.
Summary: As lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) become the dominant energy storage technology, recycling is necessary to manage the countless spent batteries at their end of life. Direct recycling technology, rejuvenating spent electrode materials without destruction, offers efficient and sustainable processes for recycling LIBs. This review investigates the state-of-the-art direct recycling technologies based on effective relithiation through different mediums and proposes potential technical avenues to address remaining challenges and accelerate the development of direct recycling.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chao Yang et al.
Summary: This study aims to construct a stable phosphate-rich cathode-electrolyte interface to address the surface instability issues of LiCoO2 at high voltages, and improve the cycling stability of the battery. The stable CEI layer enhances the surface structure and blocks direct contact between LCO and electrolyte, thereby increasing the capacity retention of the LCO cathode at high voltages.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mingjun Zhang et al.
Summary: Electric vehicles (EVs) have great potential for developing a carbon-negative economy. The growing number of EVs leads to a high demand for recycling power batteries, particularly lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes. This review focuses on the operation and degradation mechanisms of LFP, summarizes current recycling methods, and highlights emerging direct recovery technologies. It also presents current issues in the recycling industry and proposes ideas for future research, providing a theoretical basis and insightful perspectives on developing new recycling strategies for LFP.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Junxiong Wang et al.
Summary: The study presents a simple method for upgrading spent LiCoO2 to a high-voltage and cycling-stable cathode through Mg and Al co-substitution. The global growth of the electric vehicle market is accelerating the transition to low-carbon transportation. The sustainable management of waste, including end-of-life batteries containing strategic elements like lithium and cobalt, is crucial for this transition, and this study provides a feasible recycling process for reclaiming and upgrading LiCoO2 from waste lithium-ion batteries.
NATURE SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nianji Zhang et al.
Summary: The adoption of Ni and Mn co-doping strategy in this study has successfully enhanced the electrochemical performance of LiCoO2 (LCO) cathode, providing new insights for the development of next-generation high-performance lithium-ion batteries. Unlike traditional direct recycling methods, this upcycling process alters the chemical composition of the cathode to achieve cathode regeneration.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiaxun Zhang et al.
Summary: By forming a robust cathode electrolyte interphase, the researchers have successfully addressed the structural instability and capacity fading issue of single-crystalline LiCoO2 electrodes at high voltages, providing new insights for improved electrolyte design of battery cathode materials with high energy density.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zuoyu Qin et al.
Summary: A ternary molten salt approach has been proposed for efficiently regenerating the cathode of spent lithium-ion batteries. The process involves treating the spent cathode powder in a ternary molten salt at moderate temperature and subsequently annealing in oxygen. The regenerated cathode shows improved electrochemical performance compared to the fresh cathode.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kai-Di Du et al.
Summary: This study proposes a novel green and efficient direct recycling method for LIBs, achieving the concurrent reuse of LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode and graphite anode from spent LFP batteries. The research further investigates the diffusion behavior of Li+ and PF6- in the hybrid cathode and the working mechanism of DIBs, providing a new strategy for large-scale recycling of positive and negative electrodes of spent LIBs.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Hongpeng Gao et al.
Summary: As the lithium-ion battery industry continues to grow, an effective and economical end-of-life strategy is urgently needed. The direct recycling process can reduce costs and secondary waste.
CURRENT OPINION IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tao Wang et al.
Summary: The proper handling of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries has become an urgent issue with the increasing use of these batteries. This study presents a reciprocal ternary molten salts system that can directly upcycle spent cathodes into high-value cathodes, effectively reducing environmental pollution. The resulting cathodes exhibit similar performance to pristine cathodes.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jingwei Xiang et al.
Summary: This review focuses on the key links in the development of high-voltage cathode materials from the lab to industrialization. It discusses the failure mechanisms, optimization strategies, cost management, safety assessment, practical battery-performance evaluation, and sustainability of battery technologies. The tough challenges and promising strategies for the commercialization of high-voltage cathode materials are summarized to promote the large-scale application of LIBs with high energy densities.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yue Wang et al.
Summary: This study proposes a direct recycling method of interface engineering to improve the high-voltage property of regenerated LiCoO2.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiang Liu et al.
Summary: This study proposes a new method to regenerate spent lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode materials, which utilizes a low-temperature molten salt process combined with a reductive environment to suppress oxidation. The recovered LFP particles have a lithium-deficient and damaged structure, leading to higher specific capacity and better rate performance.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zitong Fei et al.
Summary: The reasonable recycling of spent lithium ion batteries is urgently required for the development of the new energy industry. In this study, a novel approach was developed for the direct regeneration of spent LiCoO2 materials with successful structural repair and electrochemical performance recovery. The recycled materials showed a capacity retention close to that of commercial LiCoO2 materials. This method has the potential for the regeneration of other spent cathode materials and provides an efficient and sustainable direction for the recycling of spent lithium ion batteries.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miaolun Jiao et al.
Summary: This research uses a rapid thermal radiation method to convert materials from used lithium-ion batteries into highly efficient catalysts for zinc-air batteries without the need for complicated separation processes. The prepared catalysts have a unique core-shell structure that reduces the energy barrier for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions, resulting in high electrocatalytic activities and superior performance in zinc-air batteries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiao Lin et al.
Summary: In this study, the degraded crystal structure of spent lithium-ion batteries cathode materials is successfully repaired using an in situ upcycling process. The repaired material exhibits higher capacity and stability compared to ordered materials. The discovery of the Mn-deficiency mechanism addresses doubts in conventional repair technology and provides theoretical guidance for the development of recycling technology. Additionally, the atomic disorder structure provides guidance for battery material design.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Min Fan et al.
Summary: The recycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is of great significance for sustainable development. This study proposes a green recycling method to regenerate degraded LiFePO4 (LFP) electrodes through a prelithiation technique, reducing the cost of the recycling process.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zitong Fei et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel approach for directly regenerating spent LiCoO2 materials and improving their electrochemical performance through synchronous modification to inhibit interface side reactions at high cutoff voltage, providing a new idea for efficient and high value direct regeneration of other spent cathode materials.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junxiong Wang et al.
Summary: This work presents a novel direct recycling method using a sustainable deep eutectic solvent to regenerate degraded cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries. The method enables efficient repair and sustainable reuse of the materials, while reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaotu Ma et al.
Summary: A new direct upcycling process is proposed, which converts spent polycrystalline Ni-lean cathodes into single-crystal Ni-rich cathodes using a one-step molten salt method. This method can be applied to mixed cathode streams without additional sorting and separating steps. The obtained upcycled cathode materials exhibit improved capacity and stability, demonstrating a pathway towards the sustainable development of LIBs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xiaolong He et al.
Summary: This study reports the electrochemical properties of a vanadium-based fluoroxide, beta-KVOF3, as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. After optimization, the beta-KVOF3 cathode achieves high reversible capacity, stable cycle life, and comparable energy density to LiFePO4. The performance is attributed to the reversible V3+/V5+ redox reaction, high structural stability of beta-KVOF3, and the pseudocapacitive process.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kaidi Du et al.
Summary: The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries is crucial due to their environmental hazards and resource consumption. This review critically analyses the value, need, and existing technologies for recycling these batteries. It also discusses the progress in recycling other components and addresses the prospects for recycling these batteries in terms of government, users, battery manufacturers, and recyclers.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Chen et al.
Summary: Co-modified LiCoO2 (LCO) with pillar structures and interface shielding has been synthesized for high-energy-density and structurally stable cathode material. The Mg-pillar effect suppresses irreversible phase transitions and enables reversible Li+ shuttling. The interface shielding effect mitigates parasitic reactions, Co dissolution, and ensures a robust electrode/electrolyte interface.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chunlei Jiang et al.
Summary: Aluminum is a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, excellent conductivity, and natural abundance. However, the insulating oxide surface layer and poor electrolyte wettability limit its capacity utilization and hinder reaction kinetics. Surface grafting of polar amino groups is an effective strategy to improve these issues. This study reveals the critical limitations and underlying mechanisms of the aluminum anode and provides insights for other metallic anodes with similar issues.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Manqi Peng et al.
Summary: Alloy-type anodes have high theoretical capacity but face challenges such as volume expansion and fragility. This review summarizes recent progress in the research of batteries based on alloy-type anodes and highlights improvements in structural design, protective interface, and electrolyte selection as effective means to enhance their performance.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junxiong Wang et al.
Summary: This study develops an integrated recycling strategy for both the cathode and anode materials of lithium-ion batteries, extracting valuable components and regenerating them using water as the sole reagent.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoxue Wu et al.
Summary: The overuse and exploitation of fossil fuels have led to an energy crisis and posed significant problems for society. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as a crucial renewable energy storage technology, have undergone rapid development due to the growth of electric vehicles. Recycling of LIBs to extract valuable materials is vital for the development of renewable energy and to avoid excessive mining. Therefore, the promotion and application of LIBs recycling, as well as the advancement of recycling technologies with low energy consumption, low emissions, and green reagents, are necessary. This review discusses the necessity of battery recycling, summarizes and evaluates the current recycling technologies, and explores cutting-edge recycling methods. The future prospects of recycling strategies for next-generation LIBs, such as solid-state Li-metal batteries, are also examined. Overall conclusions and future perspectives for the sustainability of energy storage devices are presented.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chuangchao Sun et al.
Summary: This study designs two electrolytes that enable extreme fast charging of a microsized graphite anode, achieving high ionic conductivity, low desolvation energy, and a protective solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). These electrolytes provide principles for the practical design of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite anodes.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Biaobing Chen et al.
Summary: A green and efficient hydrothermal technique for direct regeneration of spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4 or LFP) was proposed, and the effects of hydrothermal conditions on the performance of the product were systematically studied, showing optimal electrochemical performance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Ma et al.
Summary: This study focuses on the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by using a eutectic salt system. By employing a simple one-step heating strategy, the capacity and cycling performance of the cathode materials in the batteries can be improved.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kai Jia et al.
Summary: Researchers have developed a high-voltage LiCoO2 with improved stability by doping it with Ni/Mn atoms, which enhances Co-O bonding and suppresses oxygen release and harmful phase transformation. This strategy shows promise for converting spent batteries into high-energy-density batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shumeng Wu et al.
Summary: This study systematically investigates the effect of the H2-H3 phase transition on the capacity decay and aging mechanism of layered LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathodes. It is found that with the increase of cut-off voltage, the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the NCA interface shows an evolutionary path of formation-thickening-rupture, which is closely related to the H2-H3 phase transition. Moreover, the volumetric stresses and strains caused by the H2-H3 phase transition accelerate the formation and expansion of secondary particle microcracks in the electrode material, leading to the growth of interfacial CEI variations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaolu Yu et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates a low-temperature hydrothermal relithiation process for efficient and safe recycling of spent NCM cathode materials, achieving complete recovery of composition, crystal structure, and electrochemical performance. Moreover, the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in battery recycling are reduced, making it a more sustainable approach.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Electrochemistry
Benjamin Raj et al.
Summary: The rapid growth of lithium-ion batteries in electronic devices and the increasing use of electric vehicles will lead to a significant amount of lithium waste. Recycling these batteries is important for environmental and health reasons. Direct recycling technologies, such as hydrothermal, ionothermal, electrochemical, and molten salts, can regenerate the electrodes without the need for intensive energy or chemicals, saving costs and reducing waste. This article discusses the obstacles, commercialization potential, and recommendations for developing ecologically friendly recycling technologies towards a circular economy.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yingchun Lyu et al.
Summary: LiCoO2, discovered in 1980 by Prof. John B. Goodenough, remains the dominant cathode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high energy density and cycle life. However, at high voltages, issues such as surface degradation may arise, impacting capacity, efficiency, and cycle life.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yangyang Huang et al.
Summary: Mg-pillared LiCoO2, doped with Mg ions to prevent unfavorable phase transitions at high voltages, exhibits high capacity and enhanced cycling stability compared to pristine LiCoO2.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benworth B. Hansen et al.
Summary: Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibit significant depressions in melting points and tunable physicochemical properties, but there is still a lack of predictive understanding of their microscopic mechanisms and structure-property relationships. Research on complex hydrogen bonding is crucial for a deeper understanding and development of fundamental frameworks for DESs.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Xuewu Ou et al.
Summary: The dual-ion battery (DIB) has gained significant attention as a novel cost-effective, high operating voltage, and environmentally friendly energy storage device. The electrolyte in DIBs plays a crucial role in determining the performance, capacity, and energy density of the battery. Rational design and optimization of anode materials are necessary to match the fast reaction kinetics at the cathode side in DIBs.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiawei Wu et al.
Summary: This study successfully obtained high-performance Li1-xNaxCoO2 cathode materials through relithiation regeneration and modification, showing better discharge capacity and cycle stability, especially at high current density and high voltage.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chen Wu et al.
Summary: The research demonstrates an efficient and green chemical lithiation strategy for cathode regeneration of lithium-ion batteries, which extends the lifetime of valuable cathodes through a closed-loop recycling process while minimizing energy consumption and chemical waste emissions.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peiwen Liu et al.
Summary: A facile and simple regeneration process of pre-oxidation and vanadium doping was developed to improve the electrochemical performance of spent LiFePO4/C cathode materials. The 3 mol% V doped sample showed a discharge capacity of 134.3 mAh/g with a retention of 99.1% after 200 cycles at 1C, demonstrating the effectiveness of the vanadium doping regeneration process.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yaqing Guo et al.
Summary: This study comprehensively investigated the degradation mechanisms of layered transition metal oxide single crystal particles in lithium-ion batteries, and proposed a direct regeneration technology to recover the degraded cathode materials with over 90% capacity retention. The regenerated cathodes maintained a layered crystalline structure and high capacity in pouch cells after 500 cycles, demonstrating a foundational direction for sustainable development of energy materials.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Siyuan Zhou et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates a collaborative process with Li+ replenishment and co-doping for direct regeneration of spent LiCoO2 materials, achieving the goals of improving energy density and cycling performance. The co-modified regenerated materials show enhanced high-voltage performance by inhibiting phase transformation and enhancing Li+ diffusion ability through Mg/Ti co-doping. This work provides an efficient approach for the short-range regeneration of spent cathode materials, boosting the development of the recycling industry for spent lithium-ion batteries.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Binitha Gangaja et al.
Summary: Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries dominate the energy storage market with a market value of $50 billion. The study demonstrates the possibility of reusing spent LiFePO4 cathodes for new lithium-ion batteries and investigating their use in sodium-ion storage.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panpan Xu et al.
Summary: Direct regeneration of spent Li-ion batteries through hydrothermal relithiation of cathode materials is a promising recycling technology for the future. By optimizing process parameters, it is possible to minimize energy and raw material costs. The use of a cost-effective mixture of LiOH and KOH or recycling concentrated LiOH can significantly reduce raw material costs, leading to decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially increased revenue when compared to other recycling methods.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qian Liang et al.
Summary: The study successfully recovered the crystal structure of waste LiCoO2 materials using industrial machinery processing and repair technology, showing improved crystal parameters and electrochemical performance.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Runsen Zhang et al.
Summary: This study developed a transport energy model to investigate the penetration trend of electric vehicles (EVs) in different provinces in China and their impacts on energy consumption and emissions. The results indicated that subsidies for EV adoption would significantly boost market share, especially in developed provinces, while northeastern and northwestern regions showed lower economic feasibility and emission reduction potential, requiring more financial assistance for EV promotion.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Huimeng Yang et al.
Summary: This study presents a strategy for directly removing complex impurities and repairing degraded LiCoO2, achieving high recovery rate and excellent performance. The regenerated LiCoO2 exhibits high reversible capacity, cycling stability, and rate capability, comparable to commercial materials.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kyusung Park et al.
Summary: The increasing popularity of electric vehicles will lead to a substantial amount of lithium-ion battery waste, highlighting the importance of recycling and reusing cathode materials. Research shows that certain quinone-based redox mediators can efficiently relithiate end-of-life cathode materials, making them ready for new battery production.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhexi Chi et al.
Summary: This study proposes a novel green method for recycling spent single-crystal LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2 (NCM) materials, which reutilizes surface lithium compounds residues to reconstruct the NCM crystal structure and enhance its electrochemical performance. The regenerated NCM exhibits improved cycling stability and bigger lattice parameters without phase transformation during the calcination process, providing insight into the regeneration mechanism of spent cathode materials and the possibility of recycling them greenly with lower energy consumption.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Min Fan et al.
Summary: The article summarizes the recent progress of recycling spent LIBs, especially focusing on green innovations. The sustainability of the recycling process has become an important factor in the field.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Min Fan et al.
Summary: This study conducted comprehensive research on the microstructural evolution of degraded LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2 electrodes to propose a targeted method for recycling spent cathode materials based on increased residual lithium compounds. The separation process using only water eliminates the need for toxic organic solvents, complicated processes, and waste treatment, making it an environmentally friendly and efficient recycling strategy. The satisfactory capacity recovery of the cathode through simple sintering provides a sustainable closed-loop for spent cathodes and offers new inspiration for the design of lithium-ion battery recycling.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiaolong Zhou et al.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Electrochemistry
Qian Liang et al.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Runsen Zhang et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
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Te Tian et al.
Review
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Xinxin Wang et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanhao Zhang et al.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lingen Zhang et al.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chong Liu et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tao Wang et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Wang et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ji Ung Choi et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bowen Deng et al.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ying Gao et al.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guanghui Jiang et al.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Panpan Xu et al.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hongpeng Gao et al.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juan Yang et al.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tao Wang et al.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tairan Yang et al.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Tyler Or et al.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Vihang P. Parikh et al.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiangqi Meng et al.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Song et al.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Shi et al.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
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