4.7 Review

Revolutionizing medicine with toll-like receptors: A path to strengthening cellular immunity

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Summary: The safety and tolerability of RO7020531 were assessed in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The results showed that RO7020531 demonstrated acceptable safety and tolerability in both healthy volunteers and patients. Therefore, RO7020531 has the potential to be developed for the treatment of chronic HBV infection.

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Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are described as homo- or heterodimeric proteins mainly in antigen presenting cells like dendritic cells (DCs), but recent studies have discovered their expression and role also in natural killer (NK) cells. The activation and function of TLRs can be modulated directly or indirectly by TLR agonists. The interplay between DCs and NK cells, mediated by cell-to-cell contact and soluble factors, promotes DC maturation and NK cell activation. Based on this concept, TLR-based immunotherapy targeting the NK-DC axis has been proposed to modulate the tumor microenvironment, improve DC antigen presentation, and enhance NK cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells.

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A Chemically Defined TLR3 Agonist with Anticancer Activity

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Chimeric antigen receptor T cells therapy in solid tumors

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Toll-Like Receptor Signaling and Its Role in Cell-Mediated Immunity

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Summary: This article provides a detailed overview of the innate immune system's defense mechanisms against pathogens, with a focus on the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in immune responses. TLRs not only link innate immunity to adaptive immunity, but also directly regulate the function of T cells. In addition, the article discusses the critical role of TLR signaling in host defense against infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

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Fiction and Facts about BCG Imparting Trained Immunity against COVID-19

Gurpreet Kaur et al.

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Targeting dendritic cells with TLR-2 ligand-coated nanoparticles loaded with Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitope induce antituberculosis immunity

Deepjyoti Kumar Das et al.

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Entolimod as a radiation countermeasure for acute radiation

Vijay K. Singh et al.

Summary: Entolimod has been shown effective in protecting against and mitigating acute radiation syndrome in rodents and nonhuman primates. It reduces radiation-induced apoptosis and accelerates tissue regeneration. Clinical evaluation of its pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and biomarkers, as well as FDA approval for investigational new drug, fast-track, and orphan drug statuses, have paved the way for its progression in pre-emergency use authorization.

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Si-Biao Su et al.

Summary: TLR10 is a poorly understood member of the Toll-like receptor family, with the ability to induce proinflammatory cytokine production and inhibit proinflammatory responses. Mutations and polymorphisms in the TLR10 gene can alter the balance between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory responses.

SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Eric J. Topol

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Toll-like receptor-2/7-mediated T cell activation: An innate potential to augment CD8+ T cell cytokine production

Julian J. Freen-van Heeren

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Arturo Orlacchio et al.

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TLR Agonists as Vaccine Adjuvants Targeting Cancer and Infectious Diseases

Marina Luchner et al.

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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein interacts with and activates TLR41

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Yasmin Nouri et al.

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TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines

Min Zheng et al.

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Josias Brito Frazao et al.

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JF Bach

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