4.7 Review

Recent Advances in Light Detection and Ranging: Optical Modulation Solutions and Novel Nanotechnologies

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Article Optics

Random-modulated pulse lidar using a gain-switched semiconductor laser with a delayed self-homodyne interferometer

Han-Ling Tsay et al.

Summary: In this study, we propose a method for generating random-modulated pulses using a delayed self-homodyne interferometer (DSHI) and a gain-switched semiconductor laser for lidar applications. The generated pulses can mitigate ambiguity in ranging and interference in detection. By beating the laser pulses with instantaneous frequency detuning from the DSHI, random and down-chirped modulations can be achieved without complex code generation and modulation.

OPTICS EXPRESS (2023)

Article Optics

Improving the ranging performance of chaos LiDAR

Zhihong Hu et al.

Summary: Chaos lidar has limitations in long-distance target detection and imaging due to the power of the chaos laser, sensitivity of the linear detector, and hardware bandwidth. To overcome these constraints, a novel chaos lidar called CSP lidar based on GM-APDs is proposed, which has a larger detection range compared to the traditional chaos lidars. The CSP lidar is a fully digital system and breaks through the constraints of detector bandwidth and ADC sampling rate. It consumes fewer storage resources and power due to 1-bit quantization in the GM-APD.

APPLIED OPTICS (2023)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

An Automotive LiDAR Performance Test Method in Dynamic Driving Conditions

Jewoo Park et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a method for performance testing of automotive LiDAR sensors that can be used in dynamic test scenarios. A spatio-temporal point segmentation algorithm is proposed to separate the LiDAR signal of moving reference targets. An automotive-graded LiDAR sensor is evaluated in four harsh environmental simulations based on real road fleet data in the USA, and four vehicle-level tests with dynamic test cases are conducted. The results show that the performance of LiDAR sensors may be degraded due to environmental factors such as sunlight, object reflectivity, cover contamination, etc.

SENSORS (2023)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Frequency-angular resolving LiDAR using chip-scale acousto-optic beam steering

Bingzhao Li et al.

Summary: Due to superior imaging resolution and range, LiDAR is becoming an essential optical perception technology for intelligent automation systems. However, many existing beam-steering technologies are still bulky, fragile, and expensive. This study presents an on-chip acousto-optic beam-steering technique that overcomes these challenges. By utilizing Brillouin scattering, this technique achieves frequency-angular resolving LiDAR with a simple device construction, control system, and detection scheme, demonstrating a wide field of view and high angular resolution.

NATURE (2023)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Design of three-dimensional imaging lidar optical system for large field of view scanning

Qing-Yan Li et al.

Summary: This paper proposes a folded large field of view scanning optical system, which achieves expanded scanning angle and parallel light scanning through optimized design, and overcomes the limitation of small mechanical scanning angle of MEMS lidar.

CHINESE PHYSICS B (2022)

Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

High-speed 3D imaging using a chaos lidar system

Hsin-Lin Ho et al.

Summary: We characterize a new chaos lidar system configuration and demonstrate its capability for high-speed 3D imaging. The proposed scheme utilizes novel devices to substantially improve system performance, and exhibits better detection performance suitable for practical applications.

EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL-SPECIAL TOPICS (2022)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Design and Realization of Wide Field-of-View 3D MEMS LiDAR

Chia-Hsing Lin et al.

Summary: In this study, a MEMS LiDAR system was designed and demonstrated, which combines a MEMS mirror and a wide-angle lens to achieve a small-sized LiDAR system with a large field-of-view. Through optical simulation and experimental demonstration, the functionality and performance of the system were validated, proving the feasibility of the proposed LiDAR system.

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Two-dimensional beam steering with tunable metasurface in infrared regime

Sun Il Kim et al.

Summary: Tunable metasurfaces can change optical properties of incident light with fast switching speed and small pixel size, enabling various applications. However, implementing a two-dimensional metasurface pixel array that can be individually addressed in the optical frequency regime remains challenging. This study demonstrates two-dimensional beam steering with metasurface array in the infrared regime.

NANOPHOTONICS (2022)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Design Study of a Large-Angle Optical Scanning System for MEMS LIDAR

Yajun Pang et al.

Summary: MEMS-based LIDAR, known for its fast scanning, simple structure, small volume, and light weight, has become a hot topic in 3D imaging. To overcome the limited scanning angle of current MEMS mirrors, a large angle optical scanning system with a telephoto structure was designed. The system achieved a maximum scanning angle of 57 degrees and showed excellent linear relation with the tilt angle of the MEMS mirror. At a target distance of 100m, the maximum radius of the light spot was only 7cm. This optical scanning system demonstrates significant potential for application in 3D imaging LIDAR.

APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL (2022)

Article Automation & Control Systems

3D LIDAR based on FPCB mirror

Trevor S. Tai et al.

Summary: This paper presents the first low-cost 3D LIDAR constructed from two 1D FPCB oscillation mirrors and one single-point LIDAR. It is suitable for AGV navigation and obstacle avoidance with low speed and acceleration, and has achieved certain performance indicators.

MECHATRONICS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A large-scale microelectromechanical-systems-based silicon photonics LiDAR

Xiaosheng Zhang et al.

Summary: The paper presents a 16,384-pixel LiDAR sensor with wide field of view, high resolution, narrow beam divergence, and fast operation speed. The sensor can be mass-produced and used in various applications such as autonomous cars, drones, robots, and smartphones.

NATURE (2022)

Article Optics

Risley-prism-based multi-beam scanning LiDAR for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging

Anhu Li et al.

Summary: This paper presents a versatile LiDAR system that incorporates multi-beam scanning and coherent detection, and demonstrates its theoretical application in three-dimensional imaging. The unified LiDAR point cloud processing framework proposed in this paper includes outlier removal and multi-channel point cloud registration techniques.

OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING (2022)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Reconfigurable Angular Resolution Design Method in a Separate-Axis Lissajous Scanning MEMS LiDAR System

Fahu Xu et al.

Summary: A reconfigurable angular resolution design method is proposed in this paper, which has been verified experimentally to achieve high resolution and flexibility in MEMS LiDAR systems.

MICROMACHINES (2022)

Article Crystallography

High-Precision Beam Angle Expander Based on Polymeric Liquid Crystal Polarization Lenses for LiDAR Applications

Yannanqi Li et al.

Summary: A novel beam steering angle expander is demonstrated using two polymeric liquid crystal polarization lenses with different diopters cascaded together. The lens module acts as a planar telescope, offering features such as light weight, low cost, and high precision. When integrated with an active fine-angle beam steering device, the magnifier provides wide-angle, continuous steering capabilities. The potential application for LiDAR is emphasized.

CRYSTALS (2022)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Optimized Interference Suppression for TCSPC LiDAR

Sara Grollius et al.

Summary: This article investigates the interference of LiDAR systems and proposes a method using pulse-position modulation and time-correlated single photon counting histograms to suppress interference. It also presents a multipulse detection algorithm and suggests the use of random numbers for interference recognition and safe use.

IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL (2022)

Article Optics

Design and analysis of a two-dimensional large-scale silicon-photonic optical phased array

Ruitao Jiang et al.

Summary: Currently, two-dimensional optical phased arrays (OPAs) have great potential in various emerging fields. This study presents a theoretical model for an N x N OPA, where the phase shifter is separated from the antenna element, reducing power consumption and wiring complexity. Additionally, compact and high-performance silicon-photonic devices are designed using inverse design and particle swarm optimization.

OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY (2022)

Review Optics

A Progress Review on Solid-State LiDAR and Nanophotonics-Based LiDAR Sensors

Nanxi Li et al.

Summary: This review introduces the principles and commonly used sensing schemes of LiDAR sensors, summarizes the recent advances in conventional solid-state LiDAR sensors, and covers the progress of emerging nanophotonics-based LiDAR sensors. A summary is made and the future outlook on advanced LiDAR sensors is provided.

LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

General recipe to realize photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with 100-W-to-1-kW single-mode operation

Takuya Inoue et al.

Summary: This study derives the general conditions and specific photonic crystal structures for realizing ultra-large-area single-mode operation in coherent semiconductor lasers, and proposes a solution.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Review Environmental Sciences

A Review of Multi-Sensor Fusion SLAM Systems Based on 3D LIDAR

Xiaobin Xu et al.

Summary: This paper introduces the development process and latest research work of LIDAR-based multi-sensor fusion SLAM, highlights the necessity of multi-sensor fusion, and provides detailed explanations of the basic principles and recent work of multi-sensor fusion from aspects such as sensor types and data coupling methods.

REMOTE SENSING (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

High-Precision Silicon-Integrated Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave LiDAR Calibrated Using a Microresonator

Jihui Zheng et al.

Summary: A high-precision silicon-integrated FMCW LiDAR is proposed in this study, which achieves accurate ranging through various calibration schemes and successfully realizes indoor and outdoor ranging as well as 3D imaging.

ACS PHOTONICS (2022)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Improved sampling scheme for LiDAR in Lissajous scanning mode

Junya Wang et al.

Summary: This paper improves the sampling scheme of MEMS LiDAR, and proposes a general sampling scheme that can achieve higher point cloud data resolution and number of points per frame at the same scanning frequency. This is beneficial for improving the imaging performance of MEMS LiDAR.

MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING (2022)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Silicon Photonics FMCW LiDAR Chip With a Slow-Light Grating Beam Scanner

Toshihiko Baba et al.

Summary: This paper introduces the use of Si photonics to fabricate photonic crystal slow-light gratings, enabling high-speed, high-resolution, and wide field-of-view two-dimensional beam scanning. By combining a beam scanner with Ge photodiodes, a frequency-modulated continuous-wave light detection and ranging system on a chip was built, demonstrating real-time operation and velocity imaging.

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Metasurface optofluidics for dynamic control of light fields

Qitong Li et al.

Summary: This article introduces a metasurface optofluidic platform that allows for dynamic control of light fields' intensity and spectral properties. By combining optofluidics and metasurface optics, new platforms for light field control are created. The researchers designed highly sensitive metasurface building blocks and used them to create flat optics inside microfluidic channels, manipulating the optical behavior by controlling the refractive index of the liquids. The results demonstrate the ability to tune the intensity and spectral properties of metasurface color pixels and the platform's automated control capability.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Chip-scale high-peak-power semiconductor/solid-state vertically integrated laser

Jianglin Yue et al.

Summary: In this paper, a high-peak-power chip-scale semiconductor/solid-state vertically integrated laser is proposed. The laser is compact and capable of producing kilowatt class peak power, making it suitable for various applications.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metasurface-enhanced light detection and ranging technology

Renato Juliano Martins et al.

Summary: The article introduces an advanced LiDAR technology that achieves a large field of view and high frame rate by using ultrafast low FoV deflectors and large area metasurfaces, enabling simultaneous peripheral and central imaging zones. The use of this technology with advanced learning algorithms offers potential improvements in perception and decision-making processes of ADAS and robotic systems.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Integrated Pockels laser

Mingxiao Li et al.

Summary: On-chip integration of laser systems has led to significant developments in various applications such as LIDAR and AR/VR. In this study, the authors achieved fast on-chip configurability of a narrow linewidth laser by utilizing the Pockels effect in an integrated semiconductor platform. The integrated laser demonstrated record-high frequency modulation speed and fast switching capability, as well as the ability to co-lase at infrared and visible frequencies, making it a promising solution for applications in LiDAR, microwave photonics, atomic physics, and AR/VR.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Crystallography

Modulating Light Emission Performance of PCSEL via GaN HEMT Driving Circuit

Yu-Heng Hong et al.

Summary: In this study, a paradigm for modulating the light emission performance of PCSEL via GaN HEMT driving circuit is proposed for the first time. Comprehensive analyses for the integrated system are conducted, paving prospects for the next generation LiDAR system.

CRYSTALS (2022)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Wide-bandgap GaN-based watt-class photonic-crystal lasers

Kei Emoto et al.

Summary: Successful development of GaN-based photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) with high power and high beam quality enables their application in various fields including machining of difficult-to-process materials and high-brightness illuminations and displays.

COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS (2022)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Performance Analyses of Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Laser: Toward High-Speed Optical Communication

Chun-Yen Peng et al.

Summary: This study comprehensively analyzes the performance of a commercial photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) using small-signal measurement and bit-error-rate test. The radio frequency characteristics of the PCSEL are also investigated for the first time. Compared to other types of lasers, the PCSEL shows great potential for a wider optical bandwidth. It is demonstrated that the PCSEL can serve as a promising candidate for high-speed optical communication as a light source.

NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS (2022)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Design and Characterization of a CMOS Electromagnetic Scanning Mirror for LiDAR Applications

Hsin-Yi Lee et al.

Summary: This letter presents the fabrication and performance testing results of a dual-axis electromagnetically-driven piezoresistive sensed scanning mirror. The fabricated structure is very thin and achieves large optical angles with good drive efficiency.

IEEE SENSORS LETTERS (2022)

Article Robotics

Towards High-Performance Solid-State-LiDAR-Inertial Odometry and Mapping

Kailai Li et al.

Summary: A novel tightly-coupled LiDAR-inertial odometry and mapping scheme is proposed for both solid-state and mechanical LiDARs. This scheme utilizes a feature-based lightweight LiDAR odometry at the frontend and a hierarchical keyframe-based sliding window optimization at the backend to directly fuse IMU and LiDAR measurements, with a novel feature extraction method for the new solid-state LiDAR Livox Horizon's irregular scan pattern.

IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION LETTERS (2021)

Article Optics

Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Laser Operating in Pulse-Periodic Regime with Ultralow Divergence Angle

Ziye Wang et al.

Summary: The study shows that photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers have nanosecond-level pulse-operation characteristics and can achieve high peak output power. Additionally, the repetition frequency and multimode behavior vary at different currents.

PHOTONICS (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

All-solid-state spatial light modulator with independent phase and amplitude control for three-dimensional LiDAR applications

Junghyun Park et al.

Summary: Spatial light modulators are essential for regulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light, while static and active metasurfaces serve as alternatives for miniaturized optical components. A new all-solid-state, electrically tunable, and reflective metasurface array has been developed to generate specific or continuous phase modulation with independent amplitude adjustment. This design includes individually addressable nanoresonators with two independent control parameters for adjusting the reflection coefficient in each nanoresonator.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Materials Science, Multidisciplinary

Buried InP/Airhole Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers

Carl Reuterskiold Hedlund et al.

Summary: In this study, the fabrication of InP photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) using a buried airhole/InP photonic-crystal (PC) layer based on an epitaxial regrowth process is discussed. The formation of PC voids in the InP crystal structure requires precise tuning of MOVPE growth parameters, and with control of temperature, V/III ratio, and growth rate, the shape of the airholes can be altered. Low-threshold lasing is achieved from these encapsulated airhole regrown PCSELs using optical pumping.

PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI A-APPLICATIONS AND MATERIALS SCIENCE (2021)

Article Optics

Design of achromatic augmented reality visors based on composite metasurfaces

Elyas Bayati et al.

Summary: This paper presents a design of an ultracompact near-eye visor system using composite metasurfaces to reduce optical elements size significantly while correcting chromatic aberrations, providing a large display field of view and good see-through quality for an immersive augmented reality experience.

APPLIED OPTICS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

High-power operations of single-mode surface grating long oxide aperture VCSELs

Ahmed M. A. Hassan et al.

Summary: A high-power single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) based on a slow light mode (SLM) concept is demonstrated. Shallow surface gratings were implemented to select a single slow light mode in mm long oxide aperture VCSELs, achieving stable single mode with a high side suppression ration of more than 30 dB under CW operations. The unique design allows for high-power applications with superior mode stability and good beam quality.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Review Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

A Review and Perspective on Optical Phased Array for Automotive LiDAR

Ching-Pai Hsu et al.

Summary: LiDAR is still a controversial sensor in the automotive community, with some companies considering it useless while others see its potential for mapping the vehicle surroundings in 3 dimensions. This paper reviews current challenges in AV sensors, analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of perception sensors currently in use, and discusses emerging LiDAR technologies in the automotive industry.

IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS (2021)

Article Computer Science, Software Engineering

Snap2cad: 3D indoor environment reconstruction for AR/VR applications using a smartphone device

Alessandro Manni et al.

Summary: The study introduces a system using a single RGB camera on a smartphone and supported by Google ARCore to reconstruct indoor environments, overcoming issues like low resolution, noise interference, and scale ambiguity in traditional methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the system performs well in terms of scaling, position, and rotation, opening up new possibilities for extended reality applications.

COMPUTERS & GRAPHICS-UK (2021)

Article Optics

2D beam steerer based on metalens on silicon photonics

You-Chia Chang et al.

Summary: The technology demonstrated here uses a metalens on a 2D array of switchable silicon microring emitters to achieve efficient, compact beam steering in two dimensions with a single wavelength. It offers a wide field of view and low electrical power consumption, providing a practical solution for miniature beam steerers.

OPTICS EXPRESS (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Investigation of Anti-Interference Characteristics of Frequency-Hopping LiDAR

Yonglong Chen et al.

Summary: The researchers developed an anti-interference LiDAR for autonomous vehicles using frequency-hopping modulation and the cross-correlation method for signal analysis. The effectiveness of the LiDAR's anti-interference capability was verified by examining the relative error in range measurement, showing a minor error rate of less than +/- 0.9%. The experiment results confirmed the system's excellent anti-interference capability with other LiDAR systems.

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Engineering, Civil

Mutual Interference Suppression Using Wavelet Denoising in Automotive FMCW Radar Systems

Seongwook Lee et al.

Summary: This paper presents an efficient method for mutual interference suppression in automotive radar systems using wavelet denoising. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can enhance the accuracy of target information estimation without the need to change hardware, by effectively suppressing interference.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A universal 3D imaging sensor on a silicon photonics platform

Christopher Rogers et al.

Summary: A high-performance silicon photonics-based light detection and ranging system has been developed for three-dimensional imaging, which is potentially cost-effective for mass manufacturing. This system provides accurate 3D imaging and has the potential for widespread applicability in various fields.

NATURE (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Surface grating VCSEL-integrated amplifier/beam scanner with high power and single mode operation

Shanting Hu et al.

Summary: The study introduces a novel integrated laser device capable of continuous beam scanning and high power output. The amplified slow light can have its far field angle adjusted by changing the pumping current, showing great potential for applications requiring both high power and good beam quality.

APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS (2021)

Article Crystallography

High-Speed and High-Power 940 nm Flip-Chip VCSEL Array for LiDAR Application

Kuo-Bin Hong et al.

Summary: This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of a high-power, high-speed flip-chip VCSEL for LiDAR systems, with investigations on its optoelectronic characteristics, modulation speeds, and thermal transport properties. Results show that the flip-chip VCSEL offers better thermal characteristics than the conventional vertical structure for high-temperature operation, leading to improved power conversion efficiency.

CRYSTALS (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Direct TOF Scanning LiDAR Sensor With Two-Step Multievent Histogramming TDC and Embedded Interference Filter

Hyeongseok Seo et al.

Summary: This article introduces a 36-channel LiDAR sensor with an on-chip single-photon avalanche diode array, featuring an 11-bit time-to-digital converter and histogramming capabilities. The sensor also integrates filtering functions and achieves reliable time-of-flight measurements using an embedded IF filter.

IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS (2021)

Review Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Nanophotonics for light detection and ranging technology

Inki Kim et al.

Summary: This review discusses the technological challenges of applying nanophotonics in LiDAR, the basic principles of LiDAR and overcoming hardware limitations, the characteristics of nanophotonic platforms, and the future trends in integrating nanophotonic technologies into commercially viable, fast, ultrathin, and lightweight LiDAR systems.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metaform optics: Bridging nanophotonics and freeform optics

Daniel K. Nikolov et al.

Summary: The demand for high-resolution optical systems with compact form factors has led to the development of new optical component architectures, with advancements in freeform optics and metasurfaces offering potential solutions. The concept of a metaform, integrating the benefits of both freeform optics and metasurfaces, has been realized in a miniature imager using a metaform mirror. The design flexibility provided by metaforms is expected to support a new generation of optical systems.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Computer Science, Information Systems

Modulated High Power and Narrow Pulse Width Laser Drive Circuit for Lidar System

Zhiwen Chen et al.

Summary: This paper introduces a laser drive circuit for a Lidar system, and tests the characteristics of laser pulses under different parameters. A modulation method to change the peak power of the laser pulse is proposed, achieving the ideal parameter requirements.

ELECTRONICS (2021)

Article Physics, Applied

Quantum dot membrane external-cavity surface-emitting laser at 1.5 μm

H-M Phung et al.

Summary: A MECSEL with an InAs/InP quantum dot based gain region demonstrated 320 mW output power at room temperature with direct emission in the near-infrared at 1.5 mu m, achieving a record tuning range of 86 nm in this wavelength region, thanks to broad QD gain bandwidth and wide tunability in MECSELs.

APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

FPGA-Based Dual-Pulse Anti-Interference Lidar System Using Digital Chaotic Pulse Position Modulation

Minghai Yu et al.

Summary: This study investigates a dual-pulse anti-interference LiDAR system utilizing digital chaotic pulse position modulation technology, achieving characteristics of anti-interference, high pulse peak power, and fast measurements. Experimental results verify the performance of the system.

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS (2021)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

190 °C High-Temperature Operation of 905-nm VCSELs With High Performance

Meng Xun et al.

Summary: High-efficiency vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) operating in continuous wave (CW) mode achieve lasing at temperatures greater than 190 degrees C. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 46.3% is demonstrated at 30 degrees C ambient temperature, with only a 10% decrease in PCE from 30 degrees C to 90 degrees C. The thermal characteristics and mode operation of the VCSELs are stable even at high temperatures, showing potential for future laser radar applications.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES (2021)

Article Optics

3D chaos lidar system with a pulsed master oscillator power amplifier scheme

Jun-Da Chen et al.

Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of chaos-modulated pulses amplified by a pulsed MOPA for a new chaos lidar system, finding that the pulsed MOPA scheme outperformed the CW time-gating scheme in terms of peak power and PSLstd. Additionally, the application of the pulsed MOPA scheme in high-resolution, high-precision 3D face profiling resulted in the generation of 3D images of multiple objects.

OPTICS EXPRESS (2021)

Article Optics

Polarization prior to single-photon counting image denoising

Xin Tian et al.

Summary: A novel SPC image denoising method based on a polarization prior is proposed in this study, which improves denoising performance by constructing 'anti-noise' dictionaries and non-local prior-oriented sparse representation constraint.

OPTICS EXPRESS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Dynamic piezoelectric MEMS-based optical metasurfaces

Chao Meng et al.

Summary: The study combines thin-film piezoelectric MEMS with gap-surface plasmon-based OMS to develop an electrically driven dynamic MEMS-OMS platform for controllable phase and amplitude modulation of reflected light. This platform demonstrates MEMS-OMS components for polarization-independent beam steering and 2D focusing with high modulation efficiencies, broadband operation, and fast responses. The developed MEMS-OMS platform offers flexible solutions for complex dynamic 2D wavefront manipulations in reconfigurable and adaptive optical networks and systems.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Proceedings Paper Computer Science, Theory & Methods

Real-Time Lidar-based Localization of Mobile Ground Robot

Ilya Belkin et al.

Summary: The paper discusses modern methods for localization of mobile ground robot in outdoor environment, with special attention to lidar-based methods. It proposes a modular approach to lidar-based localization, consisting of map reconstruction, merging, correcting, and localization modules. Experimental results show the real-time performance of the proposed robot localization approach on different hardware platforms.

14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS (2021)

Article Remote Sensing

Comparing UAS LiDAR and Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry for Peatland Mapping and Virtual Reality (VR) Visualization

Margaret Kalacska et al.

Summary: This study compares the use of LiDAR and structure-from-motion photogrammetry in mapping peatland microtopography, finding that LiDAR is more straightforward, efficient, and produces smaller file sizes, while structure-from-motion provides higher point density and more detailed microforms. In addition, the potential of virtual reality in enhancing user experience for natural sciences, especially with the Oculus Quest 2, suggests that VR implementations in environmental sciences may become increasingly popular in the future.

DRONES (2021)

Review Optics

Photonic-crystal lasers with high-quality narrow-divergence symmetric beams and their application to LiDAR

Masahiro Yoshida et al.

Summary: LiDAR technology currently faces issues with poor quality and large divergence in traditional semiconductor lasers, but the use of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) can solve these problems by providing high quality, narrow divergence, and symmetric beam operation. By optimizing the double-lattice photonic crystal and the reflective properties of a backside distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), high power and narrow-divergence operation can be achieved, maintaining nearly diffraction-limited beam divergence.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-PHOTONICS (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Meta-optics achieves RGB-achromatic focusing for virtual reality

Zhaoyi Li et al.

Summary: The study demonstrated the design of millimeter-scale diameter, high-NA, submicron-thin metasurface lenses and their application in a virtual reality system.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2021)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Metasurface-integrated vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers for programmable directional lasing emissions

Yi-Yang Xie et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Chemistry, Multidisciplinary

Electro-optically Tunable Multifunctional Metasurfaces

Ghazaleh Kafaie Shirmanesh et al.

ACS NANO (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Hetero-integration enables fast switching time-of-flight sensors for light detection and ranging

Minseong Park et al.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Geometric Model and Calibration Method for a Solid-State LiDAR

Pablo Garcia-Gomez et al.

SENSORS (2020)

Review Chemistry, Analytical

MEMS Mirrors for LiDAR: A Review

Dingkang Wang et al.

MICROMACHINES (2020)

Review Computer Science, Information Systems

A Survey on LiDAR Scanning Mechanisms

Thinal Raj et al.

ELECTRONICS (2020)

Article Optics

Dynamic beam-steering by a pair of rotating diffractive elements

Martin Bawart et al.

OPTICS COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Optics

Few-mode frequency-modulated LiDAR receivers

Alireza Fardoost et al.

OPTICS LETTERS (2020)

Article Chemistry, Analytical

Photon Counting LIDAR Based on True Random Coding

Yang Yu et al.

SENSORS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

High quality factor phase gradient metasurfaces

Mark Lawrence et al.

NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Metasurface-driven OLED displays beyond 10,000 pixels per inch

Won-Jae Joo et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Computer Science, Information Systems

CityJSON Building Generation from Airborne LiDAR 3D Point Clouds

Gilles-Antoine Nys et al.

ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

MEMS-actuated metasurface Alvarez lens

Zheyi Han et al.

MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Design rules for dense and rapid Lissajous scanning

Junya Wang et al.

MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING (2020)

Proceedings Paper Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Towards a MEMS-based Adaptive LIDAR

Francesco Pittaluga et al.

2020 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3D VISION (3DV 2020) (2020)

Article Computer Science, Information Systems

Mutual Interferences of a True-Random LiDAR With Other LiDAR Signals

Il-Pyeong Hwang et al.

IEEE ACCESS (2020)

Article Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Metasurfaces for Near-Eye Augmented Reality

Shoufeng Lan et al.

ACS PHOTONICS (2019)

Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

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